linux虚拟机卸载新硬盘的方法

装载：

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1、启动vm，选择vm-Settings,按向导添加一块SCSI磁盘。进入Linux系统。

2、 fdisk -l 会看到有一块新的设置,如果你先前有一块硬盘(sda1, sda3...),新加的这块应该是(/dev/sdb)。

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sda1 * 1 13 104391 83 Linux

/dev/sda3 14 1044 8281507+ 83 Linux

Disk /dev/sdb: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Disk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a valid partition table

3、分区：

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb

Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel

Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,

until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous

content won't be recoverable.

The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 1044.

There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,

and could in certain setups cause problems with:

1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)

2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs

(e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)

Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

Command (m for help): m

Command action

a toggle a bootable flag

b edit bsd disklabel

c toggle the dos compatibility flag

d delete a partition

l list known partition types

m print this menu

n add a new partition

o create a new empty DOS partition table

p print the partition table

q quit without saving changes

s create a new empty Sun disklabel

t change a partition's system id

u change display/entry units

v verify the partition table

w write table to disk and exit

x extra functionality (experts only)

Command (m for help): n

Command action

e extended

p primary partition (1-4)

p

Partition number (1-4): 1

First cylinder (1-1044, default 1):

Using default value 1

Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-1044, default 1044):

Using default value 1044

Command (m for help): w

The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

Syncing disks.

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sda1 * 1 13 104391 83 Linux

/dev/sda3 14 1044 8281507+ 83 Linux

Disk /dev/sdb: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sdb1 1 1044 8385898+ 83 Linux

4、格式化：

[root@localhost ~]# mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sdb1

mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)

Filesystem label=

OS type: Linux

Block size=4096 (log=2)

Fragment size=4096 (log=2)

1048576 inodes, 2096474 blocks

104823 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user

First data block=0

Maximum filesystem blocks=2147483648

64 block groups

32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group

16384 inodes per group

Superblock backups stored on blocks:

32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632

Writing inode tables: done

Creating journal (32768 blocks): done

Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 31 mounts or

180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

5、装载：

[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /u01/app/oracle

[root@localhost ~]# df -h

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00

6.7G 5.8G 576M 92% /

/dev/sda1 99M 12M 82M 13% /boot

tmpfs 233M 0 233M 0% /dev/shm

/dev/sdb1 7.9G 147M 7.4G 2% /u01/app/oracle

6、编辑fstab文件（不然重启电脑后系统将不会保存之前的挂载操作）：

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/fstab

/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 / ext3 defaults 1 1

LABEL=/boot /boot ext3 defaults 1 2

devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0

tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0

proc /proc proc defaults 0 0

sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0

/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol01 swap swap defaults 0 0

/dev/sdc1 /u03 ext3 defaults 1 1

/dev/sdb1 /u01/app/oracle ext3 defaults 1 1

# Beginning of the block added by the VMware software

.host:/ /mnt/hgfs vmhgfs defaults,ttl=5 0 0

# End of the block added by the VMware software

卸载：

[root@localhost ~]# umount /dev/sdb1

[root@localhost ~]# df -h

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00

6.7G 5.8G 576M 92% /

/dev/sda1 99M 12M 82M 13% /boot

tmpfs 233M 0 233M 0% /dev/shm

linux卸载磁盘提示umount: /PT5/Docker/overlay2: target is busy

在Linux系统下卸载设备时，经常会遇到“Device is busy”的提示，报错的原因通常是由于待卸载磁盘正在使用，导致无法直接卸载，需要降当前使用数据盘的进程杀掉，才能卸载。如果贸然强行删除，可能会导致数据丢失或设备损坏。需要使用fuser命令查找和删除占用的程序。

例如：无法卸载的设备为/dev/vdd1，运行以下命令：

PS: 如果bash在使用此磁盘，会发现bash退出了，新开bash 并再次查看fuser -mv /dev/vdd1

确认是否还有占用进程。

找到PID对应的进程或者服务，然后杀死或者停止相应服务即可。

此案例中即使使用上述所有操作删除占用的进程，但还是提示磁盘busy，使用kill去杀进程，发现进程号一直在变化，惊觉可能是某个服务进程一直在运行，使用fuser -m -v /dev/vdd1 去查看详细的进程信息，发现是docker服务一直在占用。

解决方案：停止docker服务

Linux系统中进行磁盘管理的常用命令有哪些

Linux磁盘与文件系统管理命令

fdisk：磁盘分区工具

partprobe：更新内核的硬盘分区表信息

tune2fs：调整ext2/ext3/ext4文件系统参数

parted：磁盘分区工具

mkfs：创建Linux文件系统

dumpe2fs：导出ext2/ext3/ext4文件系统信息

resize2fs：调整ext2/ext3/ext4文件系统大小

fsck：检查并修复Linux文件系统

dd：转换或复制文件

mount：挂载文件系统

umount：卸载文件系统

df：报告文件系统磁盘空间的使用情况

mkswap：创建交换分区

swapon：激活交换分区

swapoff：关闭交换分区

sync：刷新文件系统缓冲区

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