web前端教程:Vue项目开发流程-创新互联
一、企业项目开发流程
美兰网站建设公司成都创新互联,美兰网站设计制作,有大型网站制作公司丰富经验。已为美兰成百上千家提供企业网站建设服务。企业网站搭建\外贸营销网站建设要多少钱,请找那个售后服务好的美兰做网站的公司定做!产品提需求
交互设计出原型设计
视觉设计出UI设计图
前端开发出页面模板
server端存取数据库
验收测试
二、为什么要使用vue: https://cn.vuejs.org/v2/guide/comparison.html
5个前端,4个会vue,1个会react,那么你该如何选择
客户要求使用vue
...
三、如何选择脚手架
自己搭建脚手架 webpack
使用现成的脚手架 https://cli.vuejs.org/zh/
vue-cli 基于webpack 3
@vue/cli 基于webpack 4
假设电脑中装的时@vue/cli脚手架,但是想用vue-cli的模板,可以如下安装指令
cnpm install -g @vue/cli
cnpm install -g @vue/cli-init
四、创建项目
@vue/cli
第一种创建方式: vue create mynewapp
第二种创建方式: vue ui
第三种创建法师: vue init webpack myapp
五、开始项目配置
1、如果做的移动端,那么需要考虑300ms延时以及点击穿透的问题,甚至是部分android手机不支持promise的解决办法,在index.html中引入如下代码,如果做的是pc端,忽略此步骤
// 避免移动端真机运行双击屏幕会放大
2、修改目录结构
src
api
assets
components
lib
router
store
views
App.vue
main.js
3、修改App.vue结构
cnpm i node-sass sass-loader -D
export default {
name: 'App'
}
@import '~@/lib/reset.scss';
html, body, .container, .detailContent {
@include rect(100%, 100%); // width: 100%; height: 100%;
}
.container, .detailContent {
@include flexbox(); // display: flex
@include flex-direction(column); // flex-direction:column
.box {
@include flex();
@include rect(100%, auto);
@include flexbox();
@include flex-direction(column);
.header {
@include rect(100%, 0.44rem);
@include background-color(#f66);
}
.content {
@include flex(); // flex: 1;
@include rect(100%, auto);
@include overflow(auto);
}
}
.footer {
@include rect(100%, 0.5rem);
@include background-color(#efefef);
@include flexbox();
a {
@include flex();
@include rect(auto, 100%);
@include flexbox();
@include justify-content(); // justify-content: center;
@include align-items(); // align-items: center;
@include text-color(#333);
&.active {
@include text-color(#f66);
}
}
}
}
4、依据结构设计页面
views/home/index.vue
views/kind/index.vue
views/cart/index.vue
views/user/index.vue
以home为例
export default {
}
5、配置路由
router/index.js
import Vue from 'vue'
import Router from 'vue-router'
import routes from './routes'
Vue.use(Router)
export default new Router({
routes
})
router/routes.js ----- 命名视图+命令路由+路由的懒加载+路由重定向
// 如果一个页面不需要底部,那么就不要传footer,比如kind无需底部
const routes = [
{
path: '/',
redirect: '/home'
},
{
path: '/home',
name: 'home',
components: {
default: () => import('@/views/home'),
footer: () => import('@/components/Footer')
}
},
{
path: '/kind',
name: 'kind',
components: {
default: () => import('@/views/kind'),
footer: () => import('@/components/Footer')
}
},
{
path: '/cart',
name: 'cart',
components: {
default: () => import('@/views/cart'),
footer: () => import('@/components/Footer')
}
},
{
path: '/user',
name: 'user',
components: {
default: () => import('@/views/user'),
footer: () => import('@/components/Footer')
}
}
]
export default routes
修改App.vue ---- 命名视图(多视图路由)default footer
6、底部点击切换路由
components/Footer.vue,需要在App.vue中修改布局样式
首页
分类
购物车
我的
export default {
}
7、编写页面
PC: element-ui https://element.eleme.io/
iview https://www.iviewui.com/
移动端: mint-ui http://mint-ui.github.io/
vant https://youzan.github.io/vant/
mint-ui 为例
cnpm i mint-ui -S
cnpm install babel-plugin-component -D
修改.babelrc文件
{
"presets": [
["env", {
"modules": false,
"targets": {
"browsers": ["> 1%", "last 2 versions", "not ie <= 8"]
}
}],
"stage-2"
],
"plugins": ["transform-vue-jsx", "transform-runtime",["component", [
{
"libraryName": "mint-ui",
"style": true
}
]]],
"env": {
"test": {
"presets": ["env", "stage-2"],
"plugins": ["transform-vue-jsx", "transform-es2015-modules-commonjs", "dynamic-import-node"]
}
}
}
7.1 main.js入口文件处引入mintui
import Vue from 'vue'
import App from './App'
import router from './router'
import MintUI from 'mint-ui'
Vue.config.productionTip = false
Vue.use(MintUI)
7.2 封装了banner.vue和prolist.vue组件
banner.vue组件中使用了UI库 ---- 轮播图默认占据整个高度,提前设置好一个父容器
import Vue from 'vue'
import { Swipe, SwipeItem } from 'mint-ui'
Vue.use(Swipe, SwipeItem)
export default {
}
.banner {
height: 150px;
}
prolist.vue
肖生客的救赎
export default {
}
home/index.vue中引用组件
import Banner from '@/components/Banner'
import Prolist from '@/components/Prolist'
export default {
components: {
Banner,
Prolist
}
}
.banner {
height: 150px;
}
8、数据请求
cnpm i axios -S
8.1 添加mock数据功能 ----- 开发前期 ---- 后端没有接口时这样用
cnpm i mockjs -D
api/mock.js
// 引入mockjs
const Mock = require('mockjs')
const Random = Mock.Random
const doubandata = function () {
let articles = []
for (let i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
let newArticleObject = {
title: Random.csentence(5, 30),
thumbnail_pic_s: Random.dataImage('300x250', 'mock的图片'),
author_name: Random.cname(),
date: Random.date() + ' ' + Random.time()
}
articles.push(newArticleObject)
}
return articles
}
// Mock.mock( url, post/get , 返回的数据);
Mock.mock('/douban', 'get', doubandata)
api/index.js
import axios from 'axios'
import { Indicator } from 'mint-ui'
const baseUrl = process.env.NODE_ENV === 'development' ? '' : 'https://www.daxunxun.com'
console.log(baseUrl)
// 添加请求拦截器
axios.interceptors.request.use(function (config) {
// 在发送请求之前做些什么
Indicator.open()
return config
}, function (error) {
// 对请求错误做些什么
Indicator.close()
return Promise.reject(error)
})
// 添加响应拦截器
axios.interceptors.response.use(function (response) {
// 对响应数据做点什么
Indicator.close()
return response
}, function (error) {
// 对响应错误做点什么
Indicator.close()
return Promise.reject(error)
})
const api = {
requestGet (url) {
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
axios.get(baseUrl + url)
.then(data => resolve(data.data))
.catch(err => reject(err))
})
},
requestPost (url, params) {
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
axios.post(baseUrl + url, params)
.then(data => resolve(data.data))
.catch(err => reject(err))
})
}
}
export default api
main.js处引入mock,项目上线以及由接口时则删掉即可
import Vue from 'vue'
import App from './App'
import router from './router'
import MintUI from 'mint-ui'
import '@/api/mock'
8.2 假设后端已经有了接口,但是可能会存在跨域问题,如果有跨域问题,开发时需要使用到反向代理
删掉main.js出的mock
config/index.js处配置反向代理
proxyTable: {
'/daxun': {
target: 'https://www.daxunxun.com/',
changeOrigin: true,
pathRewrite: {
'^/daxun': ''
}
},
},
修改api/index.js的 baseUrl地址
const baseUrl = process.env.NODE_ENV === 'development' ? '/daxun' : 'https://www.daxunxun.com'
重启服务器,查看效果,预期一致
9、数据处理
本组件内部处理 data
状态管理器处理
data处理方式
home/index.vue
import Banner from '@/components/Banner'
import Prolist from '@/components/Prolist'
import api from '@/api'
export default {
data () {
return {
bannerdata: [],
prolist: []
}
},
components: {
Banner,
Prolist
},
mounted () {
api.requestGet('/douban').then(data => {
console.log(data)
this.prolist = data
})
}
}
.banner {
height: 150px;
}
prolist.vue
{{ item.title }}
export default {
props: {
prolist: Array
}
}
mock.js修改了模拟地址,以后切换更加简单
Mock.mock('/daxun/douban', 'get', doubandata)
以后切换mock和开发服务器只需要添加和删除main.js中的mock字段即可
10、状态管理器
cnpm i vuex -S
创建store/index.js,store/home.js,store/kind.js
index.js
import Vue from 'vue'
import VueX from 'vuex'
import home from './home'
import kind from './kind'
Vue.use(VueX)
const store = new VueX.Store({
modules: {
home,
kind
}
})
export default store
kind.js
export default {
state: {},
getters: {},
actions: {},
mutations: {}
}
home.js
import api from '@/api'
const store = {
state: {
bannerdata: [1, 2, 3],
prolist: []
},
getters: {
prolistLength (state) {
return state.prolist.length
}
},
actions: {
getprolist ({ commit }) { // 参数的解构赋值 context
api.requestGet('/douban')
.then(data => {
console.log(data)
commit('changeprolist', data) // context.commit('changeprolist', data)
}).catch(err => console.log(err))
}
},
mutations: {
changebannerdata (state, data) {
state.bannerdata = data
},
changeprolist (state, data) {
state.prolist = data
}
}
}
export default store
home/index.vue 通过mapState辅助函数可以直接获取状态管理器中的值,通过dispatch 触发异步的actions
{{ bannerdata }}
import Banner from '@/components/Banner'
import Prolist from '@/components/Prolist'
import { mapState } from 'vuex'
export default {
computed: {
...mapState({
bannerdata: (state) => state.home.bannerdata,
prolist: (state) => state.home.prolist
})
},
components: {
Banner,
Prolist
},
mounted () {
this.$store.dispatch('getprolist') // dispatch 一个action(异步操作)
}
}
.banner {
height: 150px;
}
使用mapActions的等价写法
{{ bannerdata }}
import Banner from '@/components/Banner'
import Prolist from '@/components/Prolist'
import { mapState, mapActions } from 'vuex'
export default {
computed: {
...mapState({
bannerdata: (state) => state.home.bannerdata,
prolist: (state) => state.home.prolist
})
},
components: {
Banner,
Prolist
},
methods: {
...mapActions(['getprolist']) // 生成一个同名的函数 function getprolsit () {this.$store.dispatch('getprolist')}
},
mounted () {
this.getprolist()
}
}
.banner {
height: 150px;
}
11、列表进入详情
编写详情页面 detail/index.vue,一定要记得修改App.vue中的样式
export default {
}
修改routes.js
{
path: '/detail/:id',
name: 'detail',
components: {
default: () => import('@/views/detail')
}
}
声明式跳转
prolist.vue
{{ item.title }}
编程时跳转
{{ item.title }}
methods: {
goDetail (item) {
// this.$router.push('/detail/' + item.id)
this.$router.push({
name: 'detail',
params: {id: item.id}
})
}
}
详情页面可以通过 this.$route.params.id 拿到传递过来的数据
12、页面切换效果
App.vue使用transition包裹router-view
export default {
name: 'App'
}
@import '~@/lib/reset.scss';
html, body, .container {
@include rect(100%, 100%); // width: 100%; height: 100%;
}
.container {
max-width: 640px;
margin: 0 auto;
box-shadow: 0 0 2px #ccc;
@include flexbox(); // display: flex
@include flex-direction(column); // flex-direction:column
.box {
@include flex();
@include rect(100%, auto);
@include flexbox();
@include flex-direction(column);
.header {
@include rect(100%, 0.44rem);
@include background-color(#f66);
}
.content {
@include flex(); // flex: 1;
@include rect(100%, auto);
@include overflow(auto);
}
}
.footer {
@include rect(100%, 0.5rem);
@include background-color(#efefef);
ul {
@include rect(100%, 100%);
@include flexbox();
li {
@include flex();
@include rect(auto, 100%);
@include flexbox();
@include justify-content(); // justify-content: center;
@include align-items(); // align-items: center;
@include text-color(#333);
&.router-link-exact-active,.router-link-active{
@include text-color(#f66);
}
}
}
}
}
.slide-enter {
transform: translateX(100%);
}
.slide-enter-active {
transition: all .3s;
}
.slide-enter-to {
transform: translateX(0%);
}
.slide-leave {
transform: translateX(0%);
}
.slide-leave-active {
transition: all 0s;
}
.slide-leave-to {
transform: translateX(-100%);
}
13、下拉刷新以及上拉加载功能
以分类为例
- {{ item.title }} --- {{ index }}
import Vue from 'vue'
import { Loadmore } from 'mint-ui'
import api from '@/api'
Vue.use(Loadmore)
export default {
data () {
return {
kindlist: [],
allLoaded: false, // 所有的数据是否已经加载完毕
pageCode: 1 // 页码
}
},
mounted () { // 请求一次数据
api.requestGet('/douban')
.then(data => {
this.kindlist = data
})
},
methods: {
loadTop () { // 下啦刷新函数 --- 请求了第一页的数据
api.requestGet('/douban')
.then(data => {
this.kindlist = data // 替换数据
this.pageCode = 1 // 刷新完毕,页码归1
this.allLoaded = false // 刷新完毕,表示可以继续加载下一页
this.$refs.loadmore.onTopLoaded() // 更新列表
})
},
loadBottom () {
api.requestGet('/douban?count=20&start=' + this.pageCode * 20)
.then(data => {
if (data.length === 0) { // 没有数据的条件
this.allLoaded = true// 若数据已全部获取完毕
}
this.pageCode += 1 // 页码加一,下一次请求数据时用
this.kindlist = [...this.kindlist, ...data] //组合数据
this.$refs.loadmore.onBottomLoaded() // 更新列表
})
}
}
}
.kindlist {
li {
height: 40px;
border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;
line-height: 40px;
}
}
如果想要结合vuex实现
kind/index.vue
- {{ item.title }} --- {{ index }}
import Vue from 'vue'
import { Loadmore } from 'mint-ui'
import { mapState } from 'vuex'
Vue.use(Loadmore)
export default {
data () {
return {
allLoaded: false,
pageCode: 1
}
},
computed: {
...mapState({
kindlist: (state) => state.kind.kindlist
})
},
mounted () {
this.$store.dispatch('getkindlist')
},
methods: {
loadTop () {
this.$store.dispatch('loadTop').then(() => {
this.pageCode = 1
this.allLoaded = false
this.$refs.loadmore.onTopLoaded()
})
},
loadBottom () {
this.$store.dispatch('loadBottom', { pageCode: this.pageCode }).then(data => {
if (data.length === 0) {
this.allLoaded = true
} else {
this.pageCode += 1
}
this.$refs.loadmore.onBottomLoaded()
})
}
}
}
.kindlist {
li {
height: 40px;
border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;
line-height: 40px;
}
}
store/kind.js
import api from '@/api'
export default {
state: {
kindlist: []
},
getters: {},
actions: {
getkindlist ({ commit }) {
api.requestGet('/douban')
.then(data => {
commit('changekindlist', data)
})
},
loadTop ({ commit }) {
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
api.requestGet('/douban')
.then(data => {
commit('changekindlist', data)
resolve()
})
})
},
loadBottom ({ commit, state }, params) {
console.log(params)
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
api.requestGet('/douban?count=20&start=' + params.pageCode * 20)
.then(data => {
console.log('bottom', data)
const arr = [...state.kindlist, ...data]
console.log('arr', arr)
commit('changekindlist', arr)
resolve(data)
})
})
}
},
mutations: {
changekindlist (state, data) {
state.kindlist = data
}
}
}
14、回到顶部
components/BackTop.vue
返回顶部
export default {
methods: {
backtop () {
console.log('1')
document.getElementById('content').scrollIntoView()
}
}
}
.backtop {
position:fixed;
right:10px;bottom:60px;
}
使用时可以给需要的地方添加一个
15、购物车业务逻辑
{{ item.name }}
{{ item.num }} ¥{{ item.price }} 小计: {{ item.num * item.price}}
总数为:{{ totalNum }}
总价为:{{ totalprice }}
export default {
data () {
return {
allChecked: false,
cartlist: [
{
id: 1,
name: '苹果',
price: 4.8,
num: 2,
flag: false
},
{
id: 2,
name: '香蕉',
price: 3,
num: 5,
flag: false
},
{
id: 3,
name: '榴莲',
price: 29.8,
num: 1,
flag: false
}
]
}
},
methods: {
test () {
if (this.allChecked) {
this.cartlist.map(item => {
item.flag = true
})
} else {
this.cartlist.map(item => {
item.flag = false
})
}
},
fn (item) {
if (!item.flag) {
this.allChecked = false
} else {
let bool = true
this.cartlist.map(item => {
if (!item.flag) {
bool = false
}
})
this.allChecked = bool
}
}
},
computed: {
totalNum () {
let num = 0
this.cartlist.map(item => {
item.flag ? num += item.num : num += 0
})
return num
},
totalprice () {
let price = 0
this.cartlist.map(item => {
item.flag ? price += item.num * item.price : price += 0
})
return price.toFixed(2)
}
},
watch: {
allChecked (newVal) {
}
}
}
16、注册功能 --- 计算属性
import Vue from 'vue'
import { Field, Button } from 'mint-ui'
import api from '@/api'
Vue.use(Field, Button)
export default {
data () {
return {
username: '17733203950',
password: '123456',
msg: '发送验证码',
time: 10,
sendState: false,
code: '',
adminCode: ''
}
},
computed: {
usernameState () {
if (this.username === '') {
return ''
} else if (/^[1][3,4,5,6,7,8,9][0-9]{9}$/.test(this.username)) {
return 'success'
} else {
return 'error'
}
},
passwordState () {
if (this.password === '') {
return ''
} else if (this.password.length > 5) {
return 'success'
} else {
return 'error'
}
},
codeState () {
if (this.code === '') {
return ''
} else if (this.code === this.adminCode) {
return 'success'
} else {
return 'error'
}
},
disabledtype () {
if (this.usernameState === 'success' && this.passwordState === 'success' && this.codeState === 'success') {
return false
}
},
type () {
if (this.usernameState === 'success' && this.passwordState === 'success' && this.codeState === 'success') {
return 'primary'
} else {
return 'default'
}
}
},
methods: {
getCode () {
api.requestGet('/users/sendCode?tel=' + this.username)
.then(data => {
if (data === 0) {
console.log('验证码发送失败')
} else if (data === 1) {
console.log('手机号已经注册过')
} else {
console.log(data)
this.adminCode = data.code
}
})
},
sendCode () {
console.log('发送短信验证码')
this.sendState = true
this.getCode()
var timer = setInterval(() => {
this.msg = this.time + '后重新发送'
this.time--
if (this.time === -1) {
this.msg = '发送验证码'
this.sendState = false
this.time = 10
clearInterval(timer)
}
}, 1000)
},
register () {
api.requestPost('/users/register', {
username: this.username,
password: this.password
}).then(data => {
if (data === 0) {
console.log('注册失败')
} else if (data === 1) {
console.log('注册成功')
} else {
console.log('用户名已注册')
}
})
}
}
}
登录
import Vue from 'vue'
import { Field, Button } from 'mint-ui'
import api from '@/api'
Vue.use(Field, Button)
export default {
data () {
return {
username: '17733203950',
password: '123456'
}
},
computed: {
usernameState () {
if (this.username === '') {
return ''
} else if (/^[1][3,4,5,6,7,8,9][0-9]{9}$/.test(this.username)) {
return 'success'
} else {
return 'error'
}
},
passwordState () {
if (this.password === '') {
return ''
} else if (this.password.length > 5) {
return 'success'
} else {
return 'error'
}
},
disabledtype () {
if (this.usernameState === 'success' && this.passwordState === 'success') {
return false
}
},
type () {
if (this.usernameState === 'success' && this.passwordState === 'success') {
return 'primary'
} else {
return 'default'
}
}
},
methods: {
login () {
api.requestPost('/users/login', {
username: this.username,
password: this.password
}).then(data => {
if (data === 0) {
console.log('登录失败')
} else if (data === 1) {
console.log('登录成功')
// 登录成功,还可以返回token信息,把它保存到本地
// 以后请求数据时,把token携带过去
localStorage.setItem('isLogin', 'ok')
} else if (data === 2) {
console.log('用户未注册')
} else {
console.log('密码错误')
}
})
}
}
}
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