MySQL分区如何迁移
| 背景
需求来源
MySQL越来越流行,而且存储在MySQL的数据量也越来越大,单表数据达亿行已经是非常常见的现象,而这些表里面保存了大量的历史记录,严重影响SQL执行的效率。本文是针对客户需求,迁移MySQL Innodb大表分区中部分历史归档分区到其他实例或者其他库表,而且迁移过程尽量减少对业务环境的影响。
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环境介绍
MySQL 5.7.21
Centos 7.4
innodb_file_per_table=1
| MySQL常用的Innodb迁移方法
MySQL Enterprise Backup(物理备份,类似于xtrabackup)
Copying Data Files (冷备份)
逻辑导出和导入(mysqldump,mydumper,mysqlpump)
可传输的表空间
| 迁移方案(可传输的表空间)
准备工作
MySQL版本必须是5.7
迁移过程中存在短暂时间内业务不可写,建议提前做好准备
操作步骤
root@localhost : testdba 02:03:18> use test Database changed root@localhost : test 08:37:50> show create table sbtest2; +---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Table | Create Table | +---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | sbtest2 | CREATE TABLE `sbtest2` ( `id` int(10) DEFAULT NULL, `name` varchar(20) COLLATE utf8_bin DEFAULT NULL, `date` int(20) DEFAULT NULL, KEY `idx_fenqu` (`date`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_bin /*!50100 PARTITION BY RANGE (date) (PARTITION p0 VALUES LESS THAN (20161201) ENGINE = InnoDB, PARTITION p1 VALUES LESS THAN (20170101) ENGINE = InnoDB, PARTITION p2 VALUES LESS THAN (20170201) ENGINE = InnoDB, PARTITION p3 VALUES LESS THAN (20170301) ENGINE = InnoDB, PARTITION p4 VALUES LESS THAN (20170401) ENGINE = InnoDB, PARTITION p5 VALUES LESS THAN (20170501) ENGINE = InnoDB, PARTITION p6 VALUES LESS THAN (20170601) ENGINE = InnoDB, PARTITION p7 VALUES LESS THAN (20170701) ENGINE = InnoDB, PARTITION p8 VALUES LESS THAN (20170801) ENGINE = InnoDB, PARTITION p9 VALUES LESS THAN (20170901) ENGINE = InnoDB, PARTITION p10 VALUES LESS THAN (20171001) ENGINE = InnoDB, PARTITION p11 VALUES LESS THAN (20171101) ENGINE = InnoDB, PARTITION p12 VALUES LESS THAN (20171201) ENGINE = InnoDB, PARTITION p13 VALUES LESS THAN (20180101) ENGINE = InnoDB, PARTITION p14 VALUES LESS THAN (20180201) ENGINE = InnoDB, PARTITION p15 VALUES LESS THAN (20180301) ENGINE = InnoDB, PARTITION p16 VALUES LESS THAN (20180401) ENGINE = InnoDB, PARTITION p17 VALUES LESS THAN (20180501) ENGINE = InnoDB, PARTITION p18 VALUES LESS THAN (20180601) ENGINE = InnoDB, PARTITION p19 VALUES LESS THAN MAXVALUE ENGINE = InnoDB) */ | +---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) root@localhost : test 12:04:03> SELECT PARTITION_NAME, TABLE_ROWS FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.PARTITIONS WHERE TABLE_NAME = 'sbtest2'; +----------------+------------+ | PARTITION_NAME | TABLE_ROWS | +----------------+------------+ | p0 | 22 | | p1 | 2 | | p2 | 2 | | p3 | 2 | | p4 | 2 | | p5 | 2 | | p6 | 2 | | p7 | 2 | | p8 | 2 | | p9 | 2 | | p10 | 2 | | p11 | 2 | | p12 | 2 | | p13 | 2 | | p14 | 2 | | p15 | 2 | | p16 | 2 | | p17 | 2 | | p18 | 2 | | p19 | 14 | +----------------+------------+ 20 rows in set (0.00 sec)
root@localhost : test 01:59:36> create database testdba; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.12 sec) root@localhost : test 01:59:44> use testdba; Database changed root@localhost : testdba 06:04:26> CREATE TABLE `sbtest2` ( -> id int(10), -> name varchar(20), -> date int(20), -> key idx_fenqu(date) -> ) -> PARTITION BY RANGE (date) ( -> PARTITION p2 VALUES LESS THAN (20170201), -> PARTITION p3 VALUES LESS THAN (20170301), -> PARTITION p4 VALUES LESS THAN (20170401), -> PARTITION p5 VALUES LESS THAN (20170501), -> PARTITION p6 VALUES LESS THAN (20170601), -> PARTITION p7 VALUES LESS THAN (20170701), -> PARTITION p8 VALUES LESS THAN (20170801), -> PARTITION p9 VALUES LESS THAN (20170901), -> PARTITION p10 VALUES LESS THAN (20171001), -> PARTITION p11 VALUES LESS THAN (20171101), -> PARTITION p12 VALUES LESS THAN (20171201), -> PARTITION p13 VALUES LESS THAN (20180101) -> ); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.22 sec)
root@localhost : testdba 02:00:05> use testdba; Database changed root@localhost : testdba 02:00:23> ALTER TABLE sbtest2 DISCARD PARTITION p2,p3,p4,p5,p6,p7,p8,p9,p10,p11,p12,p13 TABLESPACE; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.27 sec)
root@localhost : testdba 02:00:24> USE test; Database changed root@localhost : test 02:00:29> FLUSH TABLES test.sbtest2 FOR EXPORT; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) [root@slave test]# cd /var/lib/mysql/data/mydata/test [root@slave test]# ls db.opt sbtest2#P#p10.cfg sbtest2#P#p12.ibd sbtest2#P#p15.cfg sbtest2#P#p17.ibd sbtest2#P#p2.cfg sbtest2#P#p4.ibd sbtest2#P#p7.cfg sbtest2#P#p9.ibd sbtest2#P#p0.cfg sbtest2#P#p10.ibd sbtest2#P#p13.cfg sbtest2#P#p15.ibd sbtest2#P#p18.cfg sbtest2#P#p2.ibd sbtest2#P#p5.cfg sbtest2#P#p7.ibd sbtest2.frm sbtest2#P#p0.ibd sbtest2#P#p11.cfg sbtest2#P#p13.ibd sbtest2#P#p16.cfg sbtest2#P#p18.ibd sbtest2#P#p3.cfg sbtest2#P#p5.ibd sbtest2#P#p8.cfg sbtest2#P#p1.cfg sbtest2#P#p11.ibd sbtest2#P#p14.cfg sbtest2#P#p16.ibd sbtest2#P#p19.cfg sbtest2#P#p3.ibd sbtest2#P#p6.cfg sbtest2#P#p8.ibd sbtest2#P#p1.ibd sbtest2#P#p12.cfg sbtest2#P#p14.ibd sbtest2#P#p17.cfg sbtest2#P#p19.ibd sbtest2#P#p4.cfg sbtest2#P#p6.ibd sbtest2#P#p9.cfg
[root@slave test]# cp sbtest2#P#p2.* sbtest2#P#p3.* sbtest2#P#p4.* sbtest2#P#p5.* sbtest2#P#p6.* sbtest2#P#p7.* sbtest2#P#p8.* sbtest2#P#p9.* sbtest2#P#p10.* sbtest2#P#p11.* sbtest2#P#p12.* sbtest2#P#p13.* /var/lib/mysql/data/mydata/testdba/ [root@slave test]# ls ../testdba/ db.opt sbtest2#P#p11.cfg sbtest2#P#p12.ibd sbtest2#P#p2.cfg sbtest2#P#p3.ibd sbtest2#P#p5.cfg sbtest2#P#p6.ibd sbtest2#P#p8.cfg sbtest2#P#p9.ibd sbtest2#P#p10.cfg sbtest2#P#p11.ibd sbtest2#P#p13.cfg sbtest2#P#p2.ibd sbtest2#P#p4.cfg sbtest2#P#p5.ibd sbtest2#P#p7.cfg sbtest2#P#p8.ibd sbtest2.frm sbtest2#P#p10.ibd sbtest2#P#p12.cfg sbtest2#P#p13.ibd sbtest2#P#p3.cfg sbtest2#P#p4.ibd sbtest2#P#p6.cfg sbtest2#P#p7.ibd sbtest2#P#p9.cfg [root@slave test]# chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql
root@localhost : test 02:00:29> USE test; Database changed root@localhost : test 02:01:07> UNLOCK TABLES; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
root@localhost : test 02:01:07> USE testdba; Database changed root@localhost : testdba 02:01:14> ALTER TABLE sbtest2 IMPORT PARTITION p2,p3,p4,p5,p6,p7,p8,p9,p10,p11,p12,p13 TABLESPACE; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.62 sec)
root@localhost : testdba 02:03:16> SELECT PARTITION_NAME, TABLE_ROWS FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.PARTITIONS WHERE TABLE_NAME = 'sbtest2' and TABLE_SCHEMA='testdba'; +----------------+------------+ | PARTITION_NAME | TABLE_ROWS | +----------------+------------+ | p2 | 2 | | p3 | 2 | | p4 | 2 | | p5 | 2 | | p6 | 2 | | p7 | 2 | | p8 | 2 | | p9 | 2 | | p10 | 2 | | p11 | 2 | | p12 | 2 | | p13 | 2 | +----------------+------------+ 12 rows in set (0.00 sec)
| 总结
以上是我们使用MySQL的分区表空间传输方法,解决了分区表历史数据归档到其他实例或者同一实例其他库的问题。对比逻辑迁移方式mysqldump或者insert .. select ...方式速度更快,数据立即可用,而且对业务的影响更小。
| 作者简介
岳雷·沃趣科技数据库工程师
熟悉MySQL体系结构和innodb存储引擎工作原理;以及MySQL备份恢复、复制、数据迁移等技术;专注于MySQL、MariaDB开源数据库,喜好开源技术。
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