C++如何实现操作符重载

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在C++中经常会遇到重载运算符的问题,其实运算符重载必须将运算符看做
一个函数,分清他的形参返回值,必须搞清楚内存在哪里如何分配如何回收
什么时候生成匿名对象,什么时候使用this指针返回。
运算符可以用友元函数和成员函数完成,一般来讲都使用成员函数,但是某些
特殊的情况必须使用友元函数,比如<< 因为其左操作数为ostream&类型,是不
可能进行任何修改的。

成员函数运算符重载大体步骤如下:

比如Tclass a
    Tclass b
我们要重载=号
    a = b
1、将需要重载的运算符看做一个函数生成operator函数名
如重载等待=
即operator=
2、分清楚形参
   如果是等号重载很明显如果是成员函数形参是右操作数b原型为及
   Tclass& b
   这个时候第一操作数被隐藏即 *this。
3、分清返回值
为了实现如:a=b=c的级联编程,因为=连接性右到左
则为
a=(b=c)即 a.operator=(b.operator=(c))
那么b=c需要返回一个Tclass&类型,当然最好就是 b直接返回
也就是*this内存空间。
那么分析到这里我们可以写出函数原型和返回如下:


Tclass& operator=( Tclass& b)
{
...........
return *this;
}
具体实现具体分析。


下面是一个关于char*类型类的运算符重载,包括了
1、=操作符重载(深拷贝)
2、+操作符重载
3、前置++ 后置++重载
4、!= ==重载
5、<< 重载
因为涉及到char*类型的类容易引起内存泄露下面是测试程序内存泄露检查
==5613== HEAP SUMMARY:
==5613==     in use at exit: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==5613==   total heap usage: 9 allocs, 9 frees, 102 bytes allocated
==5613== 
==5613== All heap blocks were freed -- no leaks are possible
==5613== 
==5613== ERROR SUMMARY: 0 errors from 0 contexts (suppressed: 0 from 0)
==5613== ERROR SUMMARY: 0 errors from 0 contexts (suppressed: 0 from 0)


具体代码如下:

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  1. /*************************************************************************

  2.   > File Name: class.cpp

  3.   > Author: gaopeng QQ:22389860 all right reserved

  4.   > Mail: gaopp_200217@163.com

  5.   > Created Time: Sat 25 Mar 2017 04:40:31 PM CST

  6.  ************************************************************************/

  7. #include

  8. #include

  9. #include

  10. using namespace std;

  11. class testop

  12. {

  13.         private:

  14.                 char* mystr;

  15.                 int len;

  16.         public:

  17.                 testop(const char* instr)

  18.                 {

  19.                         this->len = strlen(instr)+1;

  20.                         this->mystr = new char[this->len];

  21.                         memset(this->mystr,0,this->len);

  22.                         strcpy(this->mystr,instr);

  23.                 }

  24.                 testop()

  25.                 {

  26.                         this->len = 0;

  27.                         this->mystr = NULL;

  28.                 }

  29.                 testop(const testop& b)//copy 构造函数深拷贝

  30.                 {

  31.                         this->len = b.len;

  32.                         this->mystr = new char[b.len];

  33.                         memset(this->mystr,0,this->len);

  34.                         strcpy(this->mystr,b.mystr);

  35.                 }

  36.                 void printmystr()

  37.                 {

  38.                         cout<mystr<

  39.                 }

  40.                 ~testop()

  41.                 {

  42.                         delete [] this->mystr;

  43.                 }

  44.                 //操作符重载 + 使用成员函数

  45.                 testop operator+(const testop& b)

  46.                 {

  47.                         testop temp;

  48.                         temp.len = this->len + b.len;

  49.                         temp.mystr = new char[temp.len];

  50.                         memset(temp.mystr,0,temp.len);

  51.                         strcat(strcat(temp.mystr,this->mystr),b.mystr);

  52.                         return temp;

  53.                 }

  54.                 //操作符重载 = 使用成员函数 深拷贝

  55.                 testop& operator=(const testop& b)

  56.                 {

  57.                         if(this->mystr != NULL)//必须先释放内存

  58.                         {

  59.                                 delete [] this->mystr;

  60.                         }

  61.                         this->len = b.len;

  62.                         this->mystr = new char[this->len];

  63.                         memset(this->mystr,0,this->len);

  64.                         strcpy(this->mystr,b.mystr);

  65.                         return *this;

  66.                 }

  67.                 //操作符重载前置(++),使用成员函数 支持链试编程

  68.                 testop& operator++()

  69.                 {

  70.                          this->len = this->len+this->len;

  71.                          char* temp = new char[this->len];

  72.                          memset(temp,0,this->len);

  73.                          strcat(strcat(temp,this->mystr),this->mystr);

  74.                          delete [] this->mystr;

  75.                          this->mystr = new char[this->len];

  76.                          strcpy(this->mystr,temp);

  77.                          delete [] temp;

  78.                          return *this;

  79.                 }

  80.                 //操作符重载后置(++),使用成员函数 不支持链试编程 因为返回的为一个匿名对象

  81.                 testop operator++(int)

  82.                 {

  83.                     testop tempop = *this;

  84.                         this->len = this->len+this->len;

  85.                         char* temp = new char[this->len];

  86.                         memset(temp,0,this->len);

  87.                         strcat(strcat(temp,this->mystr),this->mystr);

  88.                         delete [] this->mystr;

  89.                         this->mystr = new char[this->len];

  90.                         strcpy(this->mystr,temp);

  91.                         delete [] temp;

  92.                         return tempop;

  93.                 }

  94.                 //操作符重载 << 必须使用友元函数 支持链试编程

  95.                 friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& out,testop& b);

  96.                 //操作符重载 == 使用成员函数

  97.                 bool operator==(testop& b)

  98.                 {

  99.                         if(this->len == b.len && !strcmp(this->mystr,b.mystr))

  100.                         {

  101.                                 return true;

  102.                         }

  103.                         else

  104.                         {

  105.                                 return false;

  106.                         }

  107.                 }

  108.                 //操作符重载 != 使用成员函数

  109.                 bool operator!=(testop& b)

  110.                 {

  111.                         if((*this) == b )

  112.                         {

  113.                                 return false;

  114.                         }

  115.                         else

  116.                         {

  117.                                 return true;

  118.                         }

  119.                 }

  120. };

  121. ostream& operator<<(ostream& out,testop& b) // 友元函数

  122. {

  123.         out<

  124.         return out;

  125. }

  126. int main()

  127. {

  128.         testop c("ab");

  129.         cout<

  130.         c++;

  131.         ++c;

  132.         cout<<"c:"<

  133.         testop a=c;

  134.         cout<<"a:"<

  135.         if(a == c)

  136.         {

  137.                 cout<<"相等"<

  138.         }

  139.         a = c+a;

  140.         cout<<"a=c+a:"<

  141.         if(a !=c )

  142.         {

  143.                 cout<<"不相等"<

  144.         }

  145. }



结果如下:
gaopeng@bogon:~/cplusnew/操作符重载$ ./a.out 
ab
c:abababab
a:abababab
相等
a=c+a:abababababababab
不相等

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