如何使用ThinkPHP+phpExcel导入导出Excel数据

这篇文章给大家介绍如何使用ThinkPHP+phpExcel导入导出Excel数据,内容非常详细,感兴趣的小伙伴们可以参考借鉴,希望对大家能有所帮助。

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Excel 是常用的数据整理统计的工具,通常在一些信息化平台中为了更好的实现无纸化或者上云,需要对办公数据进行迁移,从办公电脑迁移到平台上,又或者将平台上的数据下载下来给非开发人员使用,势必会涉及到数据的导入导出,而数据格式非 Excel 不可。

本文将结合实际的开发需求,总结开发过程中  Excel 的导入和导出,涉及的开发框架:

  • ThinkPHP 3.2【相关教程推荐:thinkphp框架】

  • phpExcel

在部署上,对于Excel中图片较多的数据,需要加长超时或者运行时间及增加上传大小限制

代码仓库:https://github.com/QuintionTang/crayon-thinkphp

导入

数据的导入,开始之前需要定义导入数据的格式,而且必须严格按照规定的格式程序才能正确的解析数据。通常的数据导入只是纯文本的数据,本文将导入Excel中带图片的数据,以最大可能覆盖导入需求。

模板

模板是数据导入的基础,下面定义一个简单的数据模板,如下格式:

有文本,有图片,导入数据首选需要读取到Excel文件,因此还需要涉及文件的上传,文件上传成功之后,先检测图片列,直接看代码:

    public function excel_import(){
            $usedfor = empty($_GET['usedfor']) ? 'picture' : trim($_GET['usedfor']);
            $used_for = $usedfor;
            import('ORG.Net.UploadFile');
            $upload = $this->_upload_init(new \Org\Net\UploadFile(),$usedfor);// 实例化上传类
            $attach = array();
            $attachment = array();
            $attach["success"] = 0;
            $info = "";
            if(!$upload->upload()) { // 上传错误提示错误信息
                $upload_error = $upload->getErrorMsg();
                $attach["msg"] = $upload_error;
            }else{ // 上传成功 获取上传文件信息
                $info =  $upload->getUploadFileInfo();
            }
            // 上传成功后开始处理
            if(is_array($info)){
                $info = $info[0];
                // PHPExcel 类引入
                import("Org.Util.PHPExcel");
                import("Org.Util.PHPExcel.Reader.Excel5");
                import("Org.Util.PHPExcel.Reader.Excel2007");
                
                import("Org.Util.PHPExcel.IOFactory.php");

                $filePath = $info["savepath"] . $info["savename"];
                $input_file_type = \PHPExcel_IOFactory::identify($filePath);

                // 开始读取Excel数据
                $objExcel = new \PHPExcel();

                $objReader = \PHPExcel_IOFactory::createReader($input_file_type);
                // 加载Excel文件
                $objPHPExcel = $objReader->load($filePath); 
                $objWorksheet = $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet();
                $data = $objWorksheet->toArray();
                $attach_path = C('attach_path');
                $subpath = date('YmdHm', time());
                // Excel图片存储路径
                $imageFileRealPath = $attach_path . "excel_img/".$subpath ."/" ; 
                mkdirs($imageFileRealPath);
                $i = 0;
                $rebarRows = array();
                // 下面开始处理图片
                foreach ($objWorksheet->getDrawingCollection() as $img) {
                    list($startColumn, $startRow) = \PHPExcel_Cell::coordinateFromString($img->getCoordinates()); //获取图片所在行和列
                    $imageFileName = uniqid();
                    try {
                        switch($img->getExtension()) {
                            case 'jpg':
                            case 'jpeg':
                                $imageFileName .= '.jpeg';
                                $source = imagecreatefromjpeg($img->getPath());
                                imagejpeg($source, $imageFileRealPath.$imageFileName,100);
                                break;
                            case 'gif':
                                $imageFileName .= '.gif';
                                $source = imagecreatefromgif($img->getPath());
                                $width = imagesx($source);
                                $height = imagesy($source);
                                if (function_exists("imagecreatetruecolor")) {
                                    $newImg = imagecreatetruecolor($width, $height);
                                    /* --- 用以处理缩放png图透明背景变黑色问题开始 --- */
                                    $color = imagecolorallocate($newImg,255,255,255);
                                    imagecolortransparent($newImg,$color);
                                    imagefill($newImg,0,0,$color);
                                    ImageCopyResampled($newImg, $source, 0, 0, 0, 0, $width, $height, $width, $height);
                                } else {
                                    $newImg = imagecreate($width, $height);
                                    ImageCopyResized($newImg, $source, 0, 0, 0, 0, $width, $height, $width, $height);
                                }
                                imagejpeg($source, $imageFileRealPath.$imageFileName,100);
                                break;
                            case 'png':
                                $imageFileName .= '.png';
                                $source = imagecreatefrompng($img->getPath());
                                $width = imagesx($source);
                                $height = imagesy($source);
                                if (function_exists("imagecreatetruecolor")) {
                                    $newImg = imagecreatetruecolor($width, $height);
                                    
                                    /* --- 用以处理缩放png图透明背景变黑色问题开始 --- */
                                    $color = imagecolorallocate($newImg,255,255,255);
                                    imagecolortransparent($newImg,$color);
                                    imagefill($newImg,0,0,$color);
                                    ImageCopyResampled($newImg, $source, 0, 0, 0, 0, $width, $height, $width, $height);
                                } else {
                                    $newImg = imagecreate($width, $height);
                                    ImageCopyResized($newImg, $source, 0, 0, 0, 0, $width, $height, $width, $height);
                                }
                                imagejpeg($newImg, $imageFileRealPath.$imageFileName,100);
                                break;
                        }
                        $startColumn = $this->ABC2decimal($startColumn);
                        $data[$startRow-1][$startColumn] = $imageFileRealPath . $imageFileName;
                    } catch (\Throwable $th) {
                        throw $th;
                    }
                    
                }
                $rowsData = array();
                foreach ($data as $key => $rowData) {
                    $serial = safty_value($rowData[0],0,'intval'); // 第一列 序号
                    $title = safty_value($rowData[1],'','trim'); // 第二列 名称
                    $logo_save_path = safty_value($rowData[2],'','trim');  // logo图形保存路径
                    $remark = safty_value($rowData[3],'','trim');  //备注

                    if ($serial >0 && $logo_save_path!=="" && $title!==""){

                        array_push($rowsData,array(
                            "serial"=>$serial,
                            "title"=>$title,
                            "logo_path"=>$logo_save_path,
                            "remark"=>$remark
                        ));
                            
                    }
                }
                // 将导入的数据生成文件缓存
                $this->update_excel_data($rowsData); 
                $upload_result = array(
                    "count" => count($rowsData),
                    "success" => 1,
                    "state"=>"SUCCESS"
                );
                
            } else {
                $upload_result = array(
                    "message" => "上传失败!",
                    "success" => 0
                );
            }
            echo json_encode($upload_result);
    }

下面是操作流程,如下:

选择文件上传并导入,导出成功之后提示并刷当前列表页面。

导出成功后的列表:

至此,数据导入已经完成了。

不足,导入的Excel文件在数据导入后没有处理,因此建议最好删除掉

导出

现在就来将上面的数据导出,导出Excel的格式定义,先需要定义表头:

$first_cells = array(
    array("serial","序号"),
    array("title","名称"),
    array("logo","logo"),
    array("remark","描述")
);

接下来就是按照表头的格式,封装数据,如下:

foreach ($excel_data as $key => $row_info) {
    array_push($first_rows_data,array(
        "serial"=>$row_info['serial'],
        "title"=>$row_info['title'],
        "logo"=>$row_info['logo_path'],
        "remark"=>$row_info['remark']
    ));
}

至此,数据封装已经完成,完整代码如下:

    public function export(){
        $excel_detail = array(
            "author"=>"devpoint",
            "date"=>join(" ",$artifacts_full)
        );
        // 定义导出Excel表格信息
        $sheets = array(); // Excel表信息,一维代表一个数据表
        // 定义表头
        $first_cells = array(
            array("serial","序号"),
            array("title","名称"),
            array("logo","logo"),
            array("remark","描述")
        );
        // 为表增加数据
        $excel_data = get_file_cache("excel_data");
        $first_rows_data = array();
        // 数据与上面表头对应
        foreach ($excel_data as $key => $row_info) {
            array_push($first_rows_data,array(
                "serial"=>$row_info['serial'],
                "title"=>$row_info['title'],
                "logo"=>$row_info['logo_path'],
                "remark"=>$row_info['remark']
            ));
        }
        array_push($sheets,array(
            "title"=>"前端项目流行框架",
            "cells"=>$first_cells,
            "rows"=>$first_rows_data
        ));
        $xlsName  = "Excel数据导出";
        $xlsName = $xlsName  . date('YmdHis');
        $this->exportExcel($xlsName,$sheets,$excel_detail);
    }

函数exportExcel将数据写入到Excel,并定义表格的样式,完整代码如下:

    protected function exportExcel($expTitle,$xlsSheets,$detail){
        import("Org.Util.PHPExcel");
        import("Org.Util.PHPExcel.Writer.Excel5");
        import("Org.Util.PHPExcel.IOFactory.php");
        $fileName = $expTitle;
        $objPHPExcel = new \PHPExcel();
        $objPHPExcel->getDefaultStyle()->getFont()->setName('宋体');
        // Excel列名称
	$cellName = array(
	'A','B','C','D','E','F','G','H','I','J','K','L','M','N','O','P','Q','R','S','T','U',
	'V','W','X','Y','Z','AA','AB','AC','AD','AE','AF','AG','AH','AI','AJ','AK','AL','AM',
	'AN','AO','AP','AQ','AR','AS','AT','AU','AV','AW','AX','AY','AZ'
	);
        foreach ($xlsSheets as $index => $sheet_info) {
            $sheet_title = $sheet_info['title'];
            if ($index>0){
                // Excel默认已经建好的数据表,超过一张需要执行这里创建一个工作表
                $newSheet = new \PHPExcel_Worksheet($objPHPExcel, $sheet_title); //创建一个工作表
                $objPHPExcel->addSheet($newSheet);
            } else {
                $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet($index)->setTitle($sheet_title);
            }
            $expCellName = $sheet_info['cells'];
            $expTableData = $sheet_info['rows'];
            $cellNum = count($expCellName);
            $dataNum = count($expTableData);
            $cellmerget = "";
            $cellWidths = array();
            $sheet_head_title = $sheet_title;
            // 下面需要为每个工作表定义宽度
            switch ($index) {
                case 1: // 每张表的索引从 0 开始计算
                    $cellmerget = 'A1:E1';
                    $cellWidths=array(16,16,16,28,16);
                    break;
                default:
                    $cellmerget = 'A1:D1';
                    $sheet_head_title = $sheet_title ;
                    $cellWidths=array(16,16,16,36);
                    break;
            }
            $activeSheet = $objPHPExcel->setActiveSheetIndex($index);

            for($i=0;$i<$cellNum;$i++){
                $currentCellName = $cellName[$i];
                $activeSheet->getRowDimension(1)->setRowHeight(36);
                $activeSheet->getColumnDimension($currentCellName)->setWidth($cellWidths[$i]);
                $activeSheet->getStyle($currentCellName.'1')->getFont()->setSize(12)->setBold(true);
                $activeSheet->getStyle($currentCellName.'1')->getAlignment()->setVertical(\PHPExcel_Style_Alignment::VERTICAL_CENTER);
            }

            $activeSheet->mergeCells($cellmerget);//合并单元格
            $activeSheet->setCellValue('A1', $sheet_head_title);
            $activeSheet->getStyle('A1')->getAlignment()->setHorizontal(\PHPExcel_Style_Alignment::HORIZONTAL_CENTER);
            $activeSheet->getStyle('A1')->getFont()->setSize(20);
            $activeSheet->getRowDimension(1)->setRowHeight(50);
            $styleThinBlackBorderOutline = array(  
                    'borders' => array (  
                        'outline' => array (  
                                'style' => \PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_MEDIUM,   //设置border样式
                                'color' => array ('argb' => 'FF9b9b9b'),          //设置border颜色  
                        ),  
                ),  
            );  
            for($i=0;$i<$cellNum;$i++){
                $currentCellName = $cellName[$i];
                $activeSheet->getRowDimension(2)->setRowHeight(36);
                $activeSheet->getColumnDimension($currentCellName)->setWidth($cellWidths[$i]);
                $activeSheet->setCellValue($currentCellName.'2', $expCellName[$i][1]);
                $activeSheet->getStyle($currentCellName.'2')->getFill()->setFillType(\PHPExcel_Style_Fill::FILL_SOLID);
                $activeSheet->getStyle($currentCellName.'2')->getFill()->getStartColor()->setARGB('FFc6efcd');
                $activeSheet->getStyle($currentCellName.'2')->getFont()->setSize(12)->setBold(true);
                $activeSheet->getStyle($currentCellName.'2')->applyFromArray($styleThinBlackBorderOutline);  
                $activeSheet->getStyle($currentCellName.'2')->getAlignment()->setVertical(\PHPExcel_Style_Alignment::VERTICAL_CENTER);
                $activeSheet->freezePane($currentCellName.'3');  // 锁定表头,3 意味着锁定第3行上面的
            }
            switch ($index) {
                case 1:

                    break;
                default:
                    $start_row_index = 3; // 数据开始索引行
                    for($i1=0;$i1<$dataNum;$i1++){
                        $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getRowDimension($i1+3)->setRowHeight(60);
                        for($j1=0;$j1<$cellNum;$j1++){
                            if ($j1===2){
                                $logo_path = $expTableData[$i1][$expCellName[$j1][0]];
                                if ($logo_path!=="" && file_exists($logo_path)){
                                    $objDrawing = new \PHPExcel_Worksheet_Drawing();
                                    $objDrawing->setPath($logo_path);
                                    $objDrawing->setHeight(60);
                                    $objDrawing->setWidth(60);
                                
                                    $objDrawing->setOffsetX(5);
                                    $objDrawing->setOffsetY(5);
                                    $objDrawing->setCoordinates($cellName[$j1].($i1+$start_row_index));
                                    $objDrawing->setWorksheet($objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet());
                                } else {
                                    $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->setCellValue($cellName[$j1].($i1+$start_row_index), "");
                                    $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getStyle($cellName[$j1].($i1+$start_row_index))->getAlignment()->setVertical(\PHPExcel_Style_Alignment::VERTICAL_CENTER);
                                    $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getStyle($cellName[$j1].($i1+$start_row_index))->getAlignment()->setHorizontal(\PHPExcel_Style_Alignment::HORIZONTAL_LEFT);
                                    $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getStyle($cellName[$j1].($i1+$start_row_index))->getAlignment()->setWrapText(true);
                                }
                            } else {
                                $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->setCellValue($cellName[$j1].($i1+$start_row_index), $expTableData[$i1][$expCellName[$j1][0]]);
                                $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getStyle($cellName[$j1].($i1+$start_row_index))->getAlignment()->setVertical(\PHPExcel_Style_Alignment::VERTICAL_CENTER);
                                $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getStyle($cellName[$j1].($i1+$start_row_index))->getAlignment()->setHorizontal(\PHPExcel_Style_Alignment::HORIZONTAL_LEFT);
                                $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getStyle($cellName[$j1].($i1+$start_row_index))->getAlignment()->setWrapText(true);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    break;
            }
            
        }
        $objPHPExcel->setActiveSheetIndex(0);

		header('pragma:public');
		header('Content-type:application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet;charset=utf-8;name="'.$fileName.'.xlsx"');
		header("Content-Disposition:attachment;filename=$fileName.xlsx"); // attachment新窗口打印inline本窗口打印
		$objWriter = \PHPExcel_IOFactory::createWriter($objPHPExcel, 'Excel2007');
		$objWriter->save('php://output');
		exit;
    }

导出后的格式如下:

如何使用ThinkPHP+phpExcel导入导出Excel数据

锁定表头

锁定表头是Excel比较常见的功能,可以方便查阅者查阅数据,使用 phpExcel 设置表头的代码如下:

$activeSheet->freezePane($currentCellName.'3'); // 3 意味着锁定第3行上面的行数

表格边框样式

上面的代码设置表格边框样式的代码为\PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_MEDIUM,在 phpExcel 中有14个配置可选项目。

PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_NONE;
PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_THIN;
PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_MEDIUM;
PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_DASHED;
PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_DOTTED;
PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_THICK;
PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_DOUBLE;
PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_HAIR;
PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_MEDIUMDASHED;
PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_DASHDOT;
PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_MEDIUMDASHDOT;
PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_DASHDOTDOT;
PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_MEDIUMDASHDOTDOT;
PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_SLANTDASHDOT;

1. BORDER_NONE

对应的完整配置项为 PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_NONE,效果如下:

2. BORDER_THIN

\PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_THIN

3. BORDER_MEDIUM

\PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_MEDIUM

4. BORDER_DASHED

\PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_DASHED

5. BORDER_DOTTED

\PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_DOTTED

6. BORDER_THICK

\PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_THICK

7. BORDER_DOUBLE

\PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_DOUBLE

8. BORDER_HAIR

\PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_HAIR
\PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_MEDIUMDASHED

10. BORDER_DASHDOT

\PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_DASHDOT

11. BORDER_MEDIUMDASHDOT

\PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_MEDIUMDASHDOT

12. BORDER_DASHDOTDOT

\PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_DASHDOTDOT

13. BORDER_MEDIUMDASHDOTDOT

\PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_MEDIUMDASHDOTDOT

14. BORDER_SLANTDASHDOT

\PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_SLANTDASHDOT

部署

在部署上,通常的架构是 nginx + php-fpm,对于Excel中图片比较多的数据导入需要设置加大上传文件的限制和超时时间。

在文件上传上,通常会出现 413 request Entity too Large 错误,解决的办法是在 nginx 配置中增加以下配置:

client_max_body_size  2048m;

相应的 PHP 配置也需要修改,需要修改 php.ini

upload_max_filesize = 2048M
post_max_size = 2048M

Excel数据导入,通常会触发504错误,这种情况一般是执行时间太短,涉及的 nginx 配置:

fastcgi_connect_timeout 600;

php-fpm 中的 www.conf

request_terminate_timeout = 1800

环境问题个人觉得是后台开发经常发生的,最佳的方式是实际运行出一个最佳的配置,将其制作成 docker 镜像,这样可以确保环境迁移或者其他场合需要,可以快速完成环境配置,而且不容易出问题。

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文章标题:如何使用ThinkPHP+phpExcel导入导出Excel数据
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