Oraclelike、不等于、隐式转换走索引与不走索引情况
1. 概述
# like (1)当使用like查询时,后模糊匹配,则走索引,如like 'test%' (2)当使用like查询时,前模糊匹配,则不走索引,如like '%test' # <> 不走索引 因为不等于,即等于大量数据,所以不走索引 # 隐式转换,当发生在索引列时,不走索引,发生在条件值列时,走索引 (1)如果隐式转换发生在值列,则走索引,例如查询使用日期查询时, select * from test_implic where bir_date = '20180122 14:22:32'; (2)如果索引列发生了隐式转换,则不走索引,如列数据类型为varchar2,使用如下查询时 select bir_date from test_implic where id = 2000; (3)当number列等于字符串时,走索引
2.测试
(1) like 后模糊匹配走索引 like 前模糊匹配走全表
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# 创建测试表 create table test_bind(id number,name varchar2(20)); #插入数据 declare i number; begin for i in 1..100000 loop insert into test_bind values(i,'haha'); end loop; end; / declare i number; begin for i in 100000..100010 loop insert into test_bind values(i,'test'); end loop; end; / # 创建索引 create index IDX_TEST_BIND on test_bind(name); # 收集统计信息 exec dbms_stats.gather_table_stats('LIBAI','TEST_BIND'); # 查询,后模糊匹配,可以看到走了索引 LIBAI@honor1 > set autotrace on LIBAI@honor1 > select * from test_bind where name like 'te%'; ID NAME ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- 100001 test 100002 test 100003 test 100004 test 100005 test 100006 test 100007 test 100008 test 100009 test 100010 test 10 rows selected. Elapsed: 00:00:00.00 Execution Plan ---------------------------------------------------------- Plan hash value: 2889536435 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 9 | 90 | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 | | 1 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| TEST_BIND | 9 | 90 | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 | |* 2 | INDEX RANGE SCAN | IDX_TEST_BIND | 9 | | 2 (0)| 00:00:01 | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Predicate Information (identified by operation id): --------------------------------------------------- 2 - access("NAME" LIKE 'te%') filter("NAME" LIKE 'te%') Statistics ---------------------------------------------------------- 1 recursive calls 0 db block gets 5 consistent gets 0 physical reads 0 redo size 782 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client 519 bytes received via SQL*Net from client 2 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client 0 sorts (memory) 0 sorts (disk) 10 rows processed # 前模糊匹配,可以看到走了全表扫描 LIBAI@honor1 > select * from test_bind where name like '%st'; ID NAME ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- 100001 test 100002 test 100003 test 100004 test 100005 test 100006 test 100007 test 100008 test 100009 test 100010 test 10 rows selected. Elapsed: 00:00:00.02 Execution Plan ---------------------------------------------------------- Plan hash value: 3519963602 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 5001 | 50010 | 69 (2)| 00:00:01 | |* 1 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| TEST_BIND | 5001 | 50010 | 69 (2)| 00:00:01 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Predicate Information (identified by operation id): --------------------------------------------------- 1 - filter("NAME" LIKE '%st' AND "NAME" IS NOT NULL) Statistics ---------------------------------------------------------- 1 recursive calls 0 db block gets 236 consistent gets 0 physical reads 0 redo size 734 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client 519 bytes received via SQL*Net from client 2 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client 0 sorts (memory) 0 sorts (disk) 10 rows processed
(2) <> 不走索引
LIBAI@honor1 > select * from test_bind where name <> 'test'; ID NAME ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- 100001 test 100002 test 100003 test 100004 test 100005 test 100006 test 100007 test 100008 test 100009 test 100010 test 10 rows selected. Elapsed: 00:00:00.01 Execution Plan ---------------------------------------------------------- Plan hash value: 3519963602 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 18 | 180 | 69 (2)| 00:00:01 | |* 1 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| TEST_BIND | 18 | 180 | 69 (2)| 00:00:01 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Predicate Information (identified by operation id): --------------------------------------------------- 1 - filter("NAME"<>'haha') Statistics ---------------------------------------------------------- 1 recursive calls 0 db block gets 236 consistent gets 0 physical reads 0 redo size 734 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client 519 bytes received via SQL*Net from client 2 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client 0 sorts (memory) 0 sorts (disk) 10 rows processed
(3) 隐式转换
# 构造测试环境
create table test_implic (id varchar2(20),name varchar2(20),bir_date date default sysdate); declare i varchar2(10); begin for i in 1..10000 loop insert into test_implic values(i,'czh',sysdate); end loop; commit; end; / create index idx_test_implic_id on test_implic(id); create index idx_test_implic_bir_date on test_implic(bir_date); exec dbms_stats.gather_table_stats('LIBAI','TEST_IMPLIC');
# 当varchar2类型等于数字时,不走索引
LIBAI@honor1 > select bir_date from test_implic where id = 2000; BIR_DATE ------------------- 2020-01-19 20:00:51 Execution Plan ---------------------------------------------------------- Plan hash value: 965190314 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 1 | 13 | 11 (0)| 00:00:01 | |* 1 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| TEST_IMPLIC | 1 | 13 | 11 (0)| 00:00:01 | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Predicate Information (identified by operation id): --------------------------------------------------- 1 - filter(TO_NUMBER("ID")=2000) Statistics ---------------------------------------------------------- 1 recursive calls 0 db block gets 38 consistent gets 0 physical reads 0 redo size 531 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client 519 bytes received via SQL*Net from client 2 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client 0 sorts (memory) 0 sorts (disk) 1 rows processed LIBAI@honor1 > select bir_date from test_implic where id = to_char(2000); BIR_DATE ------------------- 2020-01-19 20:00:51 Execution Plan ---------------------------------------------------------- Plan hash value: 3908402167 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 1 | 13 | 2 (0)| 00:00:01 | | 1 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| TEST_IMPLIC | 1 | 13 | 2 (0)| 00:00:01 | |* 2 | INDEX RANGE SCAN | IDX_TEST_IMPLIC_ID | 1 | | 1 (0)| 00:00:01 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Predicate Information (identified by operation id): --------------------------------------------------- 2 - access("ID"='2000') Statistics ---------------------------------------------------------- 1 recursive calls 0 db block gets 4 consistent gets 4 physical reads 0 redo size 531 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client 519 bytes received via SQL*Net from client 2 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client 0 sorts (memory) 0 sorts (disk) 1 rows processed
# 当number等于字符串时,走索引
LIBAI@honor1 > select * from test_bind where id = '1000'; ID NAME ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- 1000 haha Execution Plan ---------------------------------------------------------- Plan hash value: 2345277976 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 1 | 10 | 2 (0)| 00:00:01 | | 1 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| TEST_BIND | 1 | 10 | 2 (0)| 00:00:01 | |* 2 | INDEX RANGE SCAN | IDX_TEST_BIND_ID | 1 | | 1 (0)| 00:00:01 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Predicate Information (identified by operation id): --------------------------------------------------- 2 - access("ID"=1000) Statistics ---------------------------------------------------------- 14 recursive calls 0 db block gets 33 consistent gets 0 physical reads 0 redo size 595 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client 519 bytes received via SQL*Net from client 2 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client 1 sorts (memory) 0 sorts (disk) 1 rows processed
# 当日期等于字符串时,走索引
LIBAI@honor1 > select * from test_implic where bir_date = '20180122 14:22:32'; no rows selected Execution Plan ---------------------------------------------------------- Plan hash value: 3390782276 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 1 | 17 | 2 (0)| 00:00:01 | | 1 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| TEST_IMPLIC | 1 | 17 | 2 (0)| 00:00:01 | |* 2 | INDEX RANGE SCAN | IDX_TEST_IMPLIC_BIR_DATE | 1 | | 1 (0)| 00:00:01 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Predicate Information (identified by operation id): --------------------------------------------------- 2 - access("BIR_DATE"='20180122 14:22:32') Statistics ---------------------------------------------------------- 1 recursive calls 0 db block gets 2 consistent gets 4 physical reads 0 redo size 466 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client 508 bytes received via SQL*Net from client 1 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client 0 sorts (memory) 0 sorts (disk) 0 rows processed
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