ProxySQL如何帮助MySQL实行读写分离-创新互联
本文主要给大家介绍ProxySQL如何帮助MySQL实行读写分离,文章内容都是笔者用心摘选和编辑的,具有一定的针对性,对大家的参考意义还是比较大的,下面跟笔者一起了解下ProxySQL如何帮助MySQL实行读写分离吧。
从策划到设计制作,每一步都追求做到细腻,制作可持续发展的企业网站。为客户提供成都网站制作、成都网站设计、网站策划、网页设计、域名注册、雅安服务器托管、网络营销、VI设计、 网站改版、漏洞修补等服务。为客户提供更好的一站式互联网解决方案,以客户的口碑塑造优易品牌,携手广大客户,共同发展进步。ProxySQL是一个基于C++开发的高性能轻量级产品,是一款强大的mysql的中间件,他可以实现多种方式的读写分离。
Master IP:172.16.75.4 CentOS 7.5D server_id:401
Slave IP:172.16.75.3 CentOS 7.5C server_id:301
1.首先,yum安装即可,然后启动,启动端口为6032(我的proxysql安装在了master上);
[root@slave2 ~]# ss -tnl State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 50 *:3306 *:* LISTEN 0 128 *:111 *:* LISTEN 0 128 *:6032 *:* LISTEN 0 128 *:6033 *:* LISTEN 0 128 *:6033 *:* LISTEN 0 128 *:6033 *:* LISTEN 0 128 *:6033 *:*
2.使用mysql客户端工具登录proxysql,用户名和密码都是admin,端口为6032,默认不允许localhost登录,所以要用127.0.0.1IP地址登录;
[root@slave2 ~]# mysql -uadmin -padmin -h227.0.0.1 -P6032 Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 2 Server version: 5.5.30 (ProxySQL Admin Module) Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. MySQL [(none)]> show databases; +-----+---------------+-------------------------------------+ | seq | name | file | +-----+---------------+-------------------------------------+ | 0 | main | | | 2 | disk | /var/lib/proxysql/proxysql.db | | 3 | stats | | | 4 | monitor | | | 5 | stats_history | /var/lib/proxysql/proxysql_stats.db | +-----+---------------+-------------------------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
3.主要介绍其中mian库和monitor库;
MySQL [(none)]> show tables from main; +--------------------------------------------+ | tables | +--------------------------------------------+ | global_variables | | mysql_collations | | mysql_group_replication_hostgroups | | mysql_query_rules | | mysql_query_rules_fast_routing | | mysql_replication_hostgroups | | mysql_servers | 插入监控节点,master节点和slave节点 | mysql_users | | proxysql_servers | | runtime_checksums_values | | runtime_global_variables | | runtime_mysql_group_replication_hostgroups | | runtime_mysql_query_rules | | runtime_mysql_query_rules_fast_routing | | runtime_mysql_replication_hostgroups | | runtime_mysql_servers | | runtime_mysql_users | | runtime_proxysql_servers | | runtime_scheduler | | scheduler | +--------------------------------------------+ 20 rows in set (0.00 sec)
4.在mysql_servers表中有几个重要的属性:
hostgroup_id:组ID,用于区分master和slave;
hostname:后端master和slave的IP地址;
port:后端master和slave的IP端口,默认3306;
MySQL [main]> insert into mysql_servers (hostgroup_id,hostname,port) values (10,'172.16.75.4',3306),(20,'172.16.75.3',3306); Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.02 sec) MySQL [main]> load mysql servers to runtime; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) MySQL [main]> save mysql servers to disk; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec)
注意:
1.设置的master的hostgroup_id为10(写组);
2.设置的slave的hostgroup_id为20(读组);
3.每次在proxysql执行完操作之后,需要手动加载至内存上,然后手动保存至磁盘上,表名中的”_”改为空格; mysql_servers à mysql servers
5.在master上授权一个监控用户,用于监控后端的节点(注意:是master的mysql,不是Proxysql);
这个用户需要的权限:replication client和replication slave
MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication client,replication slave on *.* to 'monitor'@'%' identified by '123456'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
6.在proxysql上加入该节点;
MySQL [main]> set mysql-monitor_username='monitor'; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) MySQL [main]> set mysql-monitor_password='123456'; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) MySQL [main]> load mysql variables to runtime; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) MySQL [main]> save mysql variables to disk; Query OK, 95 rows affected (0.03 sec)
通过查看表mysql_server_ping_log了解后端云服务器状态信息;
MySQL [main]> select * from mysql_server_ping_log limit 1,10; +-------------+------+------------------+----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | hostname | port | time_start_us | ping_success_time_us | ping_error | +-------------+------+------------------+----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 172.16.75.4 | 3306 | 1541505676594192 | 0 | Access denied for user 'monitor'@'172.16.75.4' (using password: YES) | | 172.16.75.3 | 3306 | 1541505686592082 | 0 | Host '172.16.75.4' is not allowed to connect to this MariaDB server | | 172.16.75.4 | 3306 | 1541505686594872 | 0 | Access denied for user 'monitor'@'172.16.75.4' (using password: YES) | | 172.16.75.3 | 3306 | 1541505696592635 | 0 | Host '172.16.75.4' is not allowed to connect to this MariaDB server | | 172.16.75.4 | 3306 | 1541505696595442 | 0 | Access denied for user 'monitor'@'172.16.75.4' (using password: YES) | | 172.16.75.3 | 3306 | 1541505706593101 | 0 | Host '172.16.75.4' is not allowed to connect to this MariaDB server | | 172.16.75.4 | 3306 | 1541505706596427 | 0 | Access denied for user 'monitor'@'172.16.75.4' (using password: YES) | | 172.16.75.3 | 3306 | 1541505716593471 | 0 | Host '172.16.75.4' is not allowed to connect to this MariaDB server | | 172.16.75.4 | 3306 | 1541505716596416 | 0 | Access denied for user 'monitor'@'172.16.75.4' (using password: YES) | | 172.16.75.3 | 3306 | 1541505726593810 | 0 | Host '172.16.75.4' is not allowed to connect to this MariaDB server | +-------------+------+------------------+----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+ 10 rows in set (0.00 sec)
7.对后端定义的云服务器的分组进行读组和写组的设定,mysql_replication_hostgroups表中添加定义即可,通过查看monitor库中的mysql_server_read_only_log表查看后端节点是否具有read_only权限;
MySQL [main]> insert into mysql_replication_hostgroups (writer_hostgroup,reader_hostgroup) values (10,20); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) MySQL [main]> load mysql servers to runtime; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) MySQL [main]> save mysql servers to disk; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec) MySQL [main]> select * from monitor.mysql_server_read_only_log limit 3; +-------------+------+------------------+-----------------+-----------+-------+ | hostname | port | time_start_us | success_time_us | read_only | error | +-------------+------+------------------+-----------------+-----------+-------+ | 172.16.75.4 | 3306 | 1541506648164762 | 766 | 0 | NULL | | 172.16.75.3 | 3306 | 1541506648162822 | 3585 | 1 | NULL | | 172.16.75.3 | 3306 | 1541506649664049 | 993 | 1 | NULL | +-------------+------+------------------+-----------------+-----------+-------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
8.至此,基本配置完毕,我们在后端的master上创建两个用户账户,在proxysql上添加不同的hostgroup_id,完成基于不同用户之间进行读写分离;
Master mysql:
MariaDB [(none)]> grant all on *.* to 'reader'@'%' identified by '123456'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> grant all on *.* to 'writer'@'%' identified by '123456'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Proxysql:
MySQL [main]> insert into mysql_users (username,password,default_hostgroup) values ('reader','123456',20),('writer','123456',10); Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec) MySQL [main]> load mysql users to runtime; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) MySQL [main]> save mysql users to disk; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec) MySQL [main]> select * from mysql_users\G *************************** 1. row *************************** username: reader password: 123456 active: 1 use_ssl: 0 default_hostgroup: 20 default_schema: NULL schema_locked: 0 transaction_persistent: 1 fast_forward: 0 backend: 1 frontend: 1 max_connections: 10000 *************************** 2. row *************************** username: writer password: 123456 active: 1 use_ssl: 0 default_hostgroup: 10 default_schema: NULL schema_locked: 0 transaction_persistent: 1 fast_forward: 0 backend: 1 frontend: 1 max_connections: 10000 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
8.任意一台主机,测试基于用户的读写分离机制;
[root@slave2 ~]# mysql -uwriter -h272.16.75.4 -P6033 -p123456 -e 'select @@server_id'; +-------------+ | @@server_id | +-------------+ | 401 | +-------------+ [root@slave2 ~]# mysql -ureader -h272.16.75.4 -P6033 -p123456 -e 'select @@server_id'; +-------------+ | @@server_id | +-------------+ | 301 | +-------------+
9.基于SQL语句实现读写分离;
需要在mysql_query_rules表中添加两条正则表达式的规则;
MySQL [main]> insert into mysql_query_rules (rule_id,active,match_digest,destination_hostgroup,apply) values (1,1,'^SELECT.*FOR UPDATE$',10,1),(2,1,'^SELECT',20,1); Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec) MySQL [main]> load mysql query rules to runtime; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) MySQL [main]> save mysql query rules to disk; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
10.任意一台主机测试基于SQL语句读写分离的机制;
[root@slave2 ~]# mysql -ureader -h272.16.75.4 -P6033 -p123456 -e 'set @@autocommit=0;\ start transaction;\ use hellodb;\ insert into coc (ID,ClassID,CourseID) values (100,100,100);\ select @@server_id;\ commit;' +-------------+ | @@server_id | +-------------+ | 301 | +-------------+
Master中的hellodb数据库进行查看;
MariaDB [hellodb]> select * from coc; +----+---------+----------+ | ID | ClassID | CourseID | +----+---------+----------+ | 1 | 1 | 2 | | 2 | 1 | 5 | | 3 | 2 | 2 | | 4 | 2 | 6 | | 5 | 3 | 1 | | 6 | 3 | 7 | | 7 | 4 | 5 | | 8 | 4 | 2 | | 9 | 5 | 1 | | 10 | 5 | 9 | | 11 | 6 | 3 | | 12 | 6 | 4 | | 13 | 7 | 4 | | 14 | 7 | 3 | +----+---------+----------+ 14 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [hellodb]> select * from coc; +-----+---------+----------+ | ID | ClassID | CourseID | +-----+---------+----------+ | 1 | 1 | 2 | | 2 | 1 | 5 | | 3 | 2 | 2 | | 4 | 2 | 6 | | 5 | 3 | 1 | | 6 | 3 | 7 | | 7 | 4 | 5 | | 8 | 4 | 2 | | 9 | 5 | 1 | | 10 | 5 | 9 | | 11 | 6 | 3 | | 12 | 6 | 4 | | 13 | 7 | 4 | | 14 | 7 | 3 | | 100 | 100 | 100 | +-----+---------+----------+ 15 rows in set (0.00 sec)
看完以上关于ProxySQL如何帮助MySQL实行读写分离,很多读者朋友肯定多少有一定的了解,如需获取更多的行业知识信息 ,可以持续关注我们的行业资讯栏目的。
另外有需要云服务器可以了解下创新互联cdcxhl.cn,海内外云服务器15元起步,三天无理由+7*72小时售后在线,公司持有idc许可证,提供“云服务器、裸金属服务器、高防服务器、香港服务器、美国服务器、虚拟主机、免备案服务器”等云主机租用服务以及企业上云的综合解决方案,具有“安全稳定、简单易用、服务可用性高、性价比高”等特点与优势,专为企业上云打造定制,能够满足用户丰富、多元化的应用场景需求。
网页题目:ProxySQL如何帮助MySQL实行读写分离-创新互联
当前URL:http://myzitong.com/article/ihhoo.html