Linux系统互信ssh的配置方法
一、ssh互信的介绍
ssh互信是两台机器(terminal-1和terminal-2)经过预先设置好认证的key文件,双方互相访问时,进行自动认证,无需再次输入密码,从而实现互信。
实现原理:
1.在要配置互信的机器(terminal-1和terminal-2)上生成各自经过认证的key文件。
2.将所有的key文件汇总到一个总的认证文件夹中。
3.将打包的key发给想要进行互信的机器(terminal-1和terminal-2)
4.互信验证
二、实验
1. 两台机器检查(sam 172.16.211.129 suzzy 172.16.211.130)
terminal-1:
3. 创建互信所用到的目录并修改权限(如果没有的话),如果你用过ssh登录过对方机器,该目录会自动创建,即便登录不成功。
5. 将每个主机上的公共密钥文件id_rsa.pub和id_dsa.pub的内容复制到~/.ssh/authorized_keys文件中。并把这个文件分别放到所有机器中。注意,当您第一次使用ssh访问远程主机时,其RSA密钥是未知的,所以提示确认一下,确认完毕后SSH将记录远程主机的RSA密钥,以后连接该主机就不用密码了。
7. 将总密钥文件传到其他机器对应目录
9. 将authorized_keys文件权限变更为600,以便安全,每台都需要更改
-
[root@sam ~]# hostname
-
sam
-
terminal-2:
-
[root@suzzy ~]# hostname
- suzzy
2. sam机器ssh到suzzy机器(需要输入正确密码才可以登录)
密码正确:
-
[root@sam ~]# ssh suzzy
-
The authenticity of host 'suzzy (172.16.211.130)' can't be established.
-
RSA key fingerprint is e0:4b:15:f3:fe:6c:2d:11:f7:ad:7e:a6:d6:65:0e:0d.
-
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
-
Warning: Permanently added 'suzzy,172.16.211.130' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
-
root@suzzy's password:
-
Last login: Fri Oct 30 15:27:15 2015 from 172.16.211.1
- [root@suzzy ~]#
密码错误:
-
[root@sam ~]# ssh suzzy
-
root@suzzy's password:
-
Permission denied, please try again.
-
root@suzzy's password:
-
Permission denied, please try again.
- root@suzzy
3. 创建互信所用到的目录并修改权限(如果没有的话),如果你用过ssh登录过对方机器,该目录会自动创建,即便登录不成功。
-
[root@sam ~]# rm -rf .ssh
-
[root@sam ~]# mkdir .ssh
-
[root@sam ~]# chmod 755 .ssh
-
[root@sam ~]# ls -la
-
total 376
-
dr-xr-x---. 31 root root 4096 Oct 30 16:05 .
-
dr-xr-xr-x. 28 root root 4096 Aug 31 15:28 ..
-
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Nov 27 2014 .abrt
-
… ...
- drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 30 16:05 .ssh
4. 创建密钥(默认回车)
sam机器:
-
[root@sam ~]# /usr/bin/ssh-keygen -t rsa
-
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
-
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):
-
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
-
Enter same passphrase again:
-
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
-
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
-
The key fingerprint is:
-
70:d2:c8:c6:01:6d:1c:2b:2e:8c:89:c0:ae:fc:14:2d root@sam
-
The key's randomart image is:
-
+--[ RSA 2048]----+
-
| .+o. |
-
|. o+= |
-
|.. ..O o |
-
|++ ..o + |
-
|+.oE.. S |
-
|o .o |
-
|.. . |
-
| o |
-
| . |
-
+-----------------+
-
[root@sam .ssh]# ll
-
total 8
-
-rw------- 1 root root 1675 Oct 30 17:42 id_rsa
-
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 390 Oct 30 17:42 id_rsa.pub
-
-
[root@sam .ssh]# /usr/bin/ssh-keygen -t dsa
-
Generating public/private dsa key pair.
-
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_dsa):
-
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
-
Enter same passphrase again:
-
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_dsa.
-
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_dsa.pub.
-
The key fingerprint is:
-
9e:12:19:4e:6a:d5:46:64:47:3d:f9:2a:11:e0:49:ad root@sam
-
The key's randomart image is:
-
+--[ DSA 1024]----+
-
| .*+o. . |
-
| * oo + |
-
| + =. . o |
-
| = +E . . |
-
| o + S . . |
-
| . o .. . |
-
| . o . |
-
| . |
-
| |
-
+-----------------+
-
[root@sam .ssh]# ll
-
total 16
-
-rw------- 1 root root 672 Oct 30 17:49 id_dsa
-
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 598 Oct 30 17:49 id_dsa.pub
-
-rw------- 1 root root 1675 Oct 30 17:42 id_rsa
- -rw-r
注:suzzy机器同上
-
[root@suzzy ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa
-
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
-
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):
-
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
-
Enter same passphrase again:
-
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
-
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
-
The key fingerprint is:
-
d9:d1:27:75:5b:85:a2:af:77:75:83:74:d1:2a:02:35 root@suzzy
-
The key's randomart image is:
-
+--[ RSA 2048]----+
-
| .E ..*|
-
| . o...o+|
-
| ...o..o.|
-
| oo..+.. |
-
| S .o..o |
-
| .. .o|
-
| . .o|
-
| . . . |
-
| . . |
-
+-----------------+
-
[root@suzzy ~]# ssh-keygen -t dsa
-
Generating public/private dsa key pair.
-
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_dsa):
-
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
-
Enter same passphrase again:
-
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_dsa.
-
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_dsa.pub.
-
The key fingerprint is:
-
c4:94:b1:87:9a:34:1d:35:cb:51:03:12:f1:86:b7:fe root@suzzy
-
The key's randomart image is:
-
+--[ DSA 1024]----+
-
| B*=oo |
-
| +.O + . |
-
| o B B |
-
| . = + . |
-
| o S . |
-
| . |
-
| . |
-
| . |
-
| E |
- +
5. 将每个主机上的公共密钥文件id_rsa.pub和id_dsa.pub的内容复制到~/.ssh/authorized_keys文件中。并把这个文件分别放到所有机器中。注意,当您第一次使用ssh访问远程主机时,其RSA密钥是未知的,所以提示确认一下,确认完毕后SSH将记录远程主机的RSA密钥,以后连接该主机就不用密码了。
-
[root@sam .ssh]# cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
-
[root@sam .ssh]# cat ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
-
[root@sam .ssh]# ssh root@suzzy cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
-
The authenticity of host 'suzzy (172.16.211.130)' can't be established.
-
RSA key fingerprint is e0:4b:15:f3:fe:6c:2d:11:f7:ad:7e:a6:d6:65:0e:0d.
-
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
-
Warning: Permanently added 'suzzy,172.16.211.130' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
-
root@suzzy's password:
-
[root@sam .ssh]# ssh root@suzzy cat ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
- root@suzzy
6. 检查总密钥文件
-
[root@sam .ssh]# ls -l authorized_keys
-
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1980 Oct 30 18:19 authorized_keys
-
[root@sam .ssh]# cat authorized_keys
-
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEAzxsnq3tyb50Z+uRGp0tFpMOSTqZpvOvcyrB0S2vbL0YdUl4oJg2xnwo6duteS5EHzoVKzRjSdfrDM5owKRVsWJnufAA/o6z0kiiYje6Cvfd5hlw/jgJtU1TVuzZsj+bwnCzWuSKfkkM/uhBvWk9UQe0GuTClUn4bxuXuFNGwWuDi020pwwNLdUbEtH93rhWFGskUrj9s2RLd3eDquT18TQzNGwwG0PrbedxyT57aVdbqKyLnxMDx/eOHKW4dWZQMIaUe/n73rjuGG43F6oRFk3R52bMSdOqYqljUSI5FmtBAAO1AyTALldg09rdg6PqTlYyQvLt1T9JVok6BLm9nHQ== root@sam
-
ssh-dss AAAAB3NzaC1kc3MAAACBAPR47OE9s4nnzVEpoH6/rPgJexROcNSwMPJeF9QSXpuIcbUNmLocrab8xQ33rfFkjUOAaf5PG9AJa3T0FReobaEA8uRui4NjJJ74/Bjs+Rm6Lg9FAeboIwBAuEyIG4VcoFXCf7bpplg6+hiRd4oNkuDA+GJdVMyBqWvborAIhuPJAAAAFQCnj9Ft5BQs5tzP6uoV0pBvx7lEAQAAAIEA15+u2GTGGiEMeeCCOwu4kQNjKUGHrZsMBepbOmaBImBeYJP3Q76dpSxjJpPjQ/bk61oVHnKjceuXwpmiND08BvjrGAtw15q2wodKdr0EnRjFQ/8MIWsfSgkBx1ngWDvAD+YqZI1V9imnUUEU+Xlq84PDxDKn45tZ2sauSkYWrhwAAACBAK3I2fkbaLwd/3gWcXkMoA7jm2euYB48DXm2NMYe0WddI/lN+LocRKEf9ZEwts48tw7G/lwcD+eP6jWPYNnSBr8xavjt3ZtVlGnuUlU4yuzUFvtBC8AnG7nyihEFM7lM+V2N0Tx/83K6gRXFGDoOpT4/xfEFxlVFsLdfuuodHhh4 root@sam
-
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEA1H5kArvHN1jagQEUIwTHBEQXI0CHNgMJMZrnIlgNY2ssSFKfJdCdA8bfBtoIesfBSLfyQHFFqwh6CZqfXTlhL6JLlVL0anUnpEHX9v5B1vrNIfsQTXhfjXpyJOJNd1pWFweOQLq/fSvuoWvxQQESBloN8rUFs+eXvxMYi4y5rfQ+9MkJ6y+6HA1JB2KlHadzoA0vbZ4JxS/gcifhAzCv0goEw6ulNwHxdgx4Sp3EG+i8QxlSjV3BJ16FknaMRV8eMy8+pRibY6dWB+FW7sV5rQoT9/2PaqgUf0rMvCPzDE4aNpPYPXiU53dX+691iarmQo1Km26YHu7gDPsGbxa+lw== root@suzzy
- ssh-dss 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 root@suzzy
7. 将总密钥文件传到其他机器对应目录
-
[root@sam .ssh]# scp authorized_keys root@suzzy:~/.ssh/
- root@suzzy
8. 测试连接(首次还是需要YES下,第二次便可以不需要)
-
[root@sam ~]# ssh suzzy
-
Last login: Fri Oct 30 18:25:38 2015 from sam
-
[root@suzzy ~]# ssh sam
-
Last login: Fri Oct 30 18:26:34 2015 from suzzy
- [root@sam ~]#
9. 将authorized_keys文件权限变更为600,以便安全,每台都需要更改
-
[root@sam ~]# cd .ssh
-
[root@sam .ssh]# ls -l authorized_keys
-
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1980 Oct 30 18:19 authorized_keys
-
[root@sam .ssh]# chmod 600 authorized_keys
-
[root@sam .ssh]# ls -l authorized_keys
- -rw
三、总结
这个互信操作在Oracle 10g配置RAC(real application cluster)前是需要手工来操作的,从11G安装开始,可以在图形界面按钮式配置,相当容易,但我们还是应该掌握该技巧,在需要免密登录时还是要通过手工配置。看家的本领可不能丢。
当前名称:Linux系统互信ssh的配置方法
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