Elasticsearch中查询的多种方式
本篇内容介绍了“Elasticsearch中查询的多种方式”的有关知识，在实际案例的操作过程中，不少人都会遇到这样的困境，接下来就让小编带领大家学习一下如何处理这些情况吧！希望大家仔细阅读，能够学有所成！
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一、DSL查询
query DSL:Domain Specified Language，特定领域的语言
1.查询某个索引下所有的数据
语法
GET /{index}/_search
{
"query": {"match_all": {}}
}示例
输入：
GET /staffs/_search
{
"query": {"match_all": {}}
}输出
{
"took" : 1, 消耗的时间
"timed_out" : false, 是否超时
"_shards" : {
"total" : 1, 一共请求了几个shared
"successful" : 1, 成功了几个
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : {
"value" : 4, 查询的结果的总数量
"relation" : "eq"
},
"max_score" : 1.0,
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "staffs", 索引的名称
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "1a", 数据对应的主键
"_score" : 1.0,就是document对于一个search的相关度的匹配分数，越相关，就越匹配，分数也高
"_source" : { 数据的详情
"name" : "shu xian sheng",
"age" : 28,
"phone" : "15711111111",
"posittion" : "java kaifa",
"hobby" : [
"lanqiu",
"zuqiu",
"tubu"
]
}
},
{
"_index" : "staffs",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "Nq_96G0Bs8sg-pU7kn0S",
"_score" : 1.0,
"_source" : {
"name" : "wang xiao san",
"age" : 21,
"phone" : "15722222222",
"posittion" : "web kaifa",
"hobby" : [
"yumaoqiu",
"zuqiu",
"taiqiu"
]
}
},
{
"_index" : "staffs",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "2",
"_score" : 1.0,
"_source" : {
"name" : "lixiansheng",
"age" : 25,
"phone" : "15733333333",
"posittion" : "android",
"hobby" : [
"paobu",
"zuqiu",
"tubu"
]
}
},
{
"_index" : "staffs",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "3",
"_score" : 1.0,
"_source" : {
"name" : "maxiaoshuan",
"age" : 23,
"phone" : "15744444444",
"posittion" : "ios",
"hobby" : [
"paobu",
"yumaoqiu",
"lanqiu"
]
}
}
]
}
}2.查询名字中含有xiao 按照年龄倒叙排序的
语法
GET {index}/_search
{
"query": {
"match": {
"FIELD": "TEXT" FIELD:字段的名称 TEXT：条件
}
},
"sort": [
{
"FIELD": { FIELD： 字段的名称
"order": "desc"
}
}
]
}示例
GET staffs/_search
{
"query": {
"match": {
"name": "xiao"
}
},
"sort": [
{
"age": {
"order": "desc"
}
}
]
}{
"took" : 1,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 1,
"successful" : 1,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : {
"value" : 2,
"relation" : "eq"
},
"max_score" : null,
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "staffs",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "3",
"_score" : null,
"_source" : {
"name" : "ma xiao shuai",
"age" : 23,
"phone" : "15744444444",
"posittion" : "ios",
"hobby" : [
"paobu",
"yumaoqiu",
"lanqiu"
]
},
"sort" : [
23
]
},
{
"_index" : "staffs",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "Nq_96G0Bs8sg-pU7kn0S",
"_score" : null,
"_source" : {
"name" : "wang xiao san",
"age" : 21,
"phone" : "15722222222",
"posittion" : "web kaifa",
"hobby" : [
"yumaoqiu",
"zuqiu",
"taiqiu"
]
},
"sort" : [
21
]
}
]
}
}3.分页查询数据
语法
GET {index}/_search
{
"query": {"match_all": {}},
"from": 1, 从第几页开始查询，0：代表第一页，1：代表第二页
"size": 1 每页显示的条数
}示例
GET staffs/_search
{
"query": {"match_all": {}},
"from": 1,
"size": 1
}{
"took" : 1,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 1,
"successful" : 1,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : {
"value" : 4,
"relation" : "eq"
},
"max_score" : 1.0,
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "staffs",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "Nq_96G0Bs8sg-pU7kn0S",
"_score" : 1.0,
"_source" : {
"name" : "wang xiao san",
"age" : 21,
"phone" : "15722222222",
"posittion" : "web kaifa",
"hobby" : [
"yumaoqiu",
"zuqiu",
"taiqiu"
]
}
}
]
}
}4.搜索名称含有xian sheng 且年龄大于25的
语法
GET {index}}/_search
{
"query": {
"bool": {
"must": [
{"match": {
"FIELD": "TEXT"
}}
]
}
},
"post_filter": {
"range": {
"FIELD": {
"gte": 10
}
}
}
}示例
GET staffs/_search
{
"query": {
"bool": { 可以拼接多个条件的查询
"must": [
{"match": {
"name": "xian sheng"
}}
]
}
},
"post_filter": {
"range": {
"age": {
"gt": 25
}
}
}
}其实有两条 但是有一个年龄为25 所以这里只显示一条
{
"took" : 1,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 1,
"successful" : 1,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : {
"value" : 1,
"relation" : "eq"
},
"max_score" : 1.3862944,
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "staffs",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "1a",
"_score" : 1.3862944,
"_source" : {
"name" : "shu xian sheng",
"age" : 28,
"phone" : "15711111111",
"posittion" : "java kaifa",
"hobby" : [
"lanqiu",
"zuqiu",
"tubu"
]
}
}
]
}
}5.full-text search（全文检索）
示例
GET staffs/_search
{
"query": {"match": {
"posittion": "java kaifa"
}}
}{
"took" : 1,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 1,
"successful" : 1,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : {
"value" : 2,
"relation" : "eq"
},
"max_score" : 1.6694658,
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "staffs",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "1a",
"_score" : 1.6694658,
"_source" : {
"name" : "shu xian sheng",
"age" : 28,
"phone" : "15711111111",
"posittion" : "java kaifa",
"hobby" : [
"lanqiu",
"zuqiu",
"tubu"
]
}
},
{
"_index" : "staffs",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "Nq_96G0Bs8sg-pU7kn0S",
"_score" : 0.60996956,
"_source" : {
"name" : "wang xiao san",
"age" : 21,
"phone" : "15722222222",
"posittion" : "web kaifa",
"hobby" : [
"yumaoqiu",
"zuqiu",
"taiqiu"
]
}
}
]
}
}6.phrase search（短语搜索）
和全文检索相反，全文检索会将输入的搜索串拆解开来，去倒排索引里面意义匹配，只要能匹配上任意一个拆解后的单词，就可以作为结果返回
短语搜索，要求输入的搜索串，必须在制定的字段文本中，完全包含一模一样的，擦可以算匹配，才能作为结果返回
语法
GET staffs/_search
{
"query": {
"match_phrase": {
"FIELD": "PHRASE"
}
}
}示例
GET staffs/_search
{
"query": {
"match_phrase": {
"posittion": "java kaifa"
}
}
}{
"took" : 30,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 1,
"successful" : 1,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : {
"value" : 1,
"relation" : "eq"
},
"max_score" : 1.6694657,
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "staffs",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "1a",
"_score" : 1.6694657,
"_source" : {
"name" : "shu xian sheng",
"age" : 28,
"phone" : "15711111111",
"posittion" : "java kaifa",
"hobby" : [
"lanqiu",
"zuqiu",
"tubu"
]
}
}
]
}
}7.highlight search（高亮搜索结果）
语法
GET {index}/_search
{
"query": {
"match": {
"FIELD": "TEXT"
}
},
"highlight": {
"fields": {
"FIELD": {}
}
}
}示例
GET staffs/_search
{
"query": {
"match": {
"posittion": "kaifa"
}
},
"highlight": {
"fields": {
"posittion": {}
}
}
}{
"took" : 54,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 1,
"successful" : 1,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : {
"value" : 2,
"relation" : "eq"
},
"max_score" : 0.60996956,
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "staffs",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "1a",
"_score" : 0.60996956,
"_source" : {
"name" : "shu xian sheng",
"age" : 28,
"phone" : "15711111111",
"posittion" : "java kaifa",
"hobby" : [
"lanqiu",
"zuqiu",
"tubu"
]
},
"highlight" : {
"posittion" : [
"java kaifa"
]
}
},
{
"_index" : "staffs",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "Nq_96G0Bs8sg-pU7kn0S",
"_score" : 0.60996956,
"_source" : {
"name" : "wang xiao san",
"age" : 21,
"phone" : "15722222222",
"posittion" : "web kaifa",
"hobby" : [
"yumaoqiu",
"zuqiu",
"taiqiu"
]
},
"highlight" : {
"posittion" : [
"web kaifa"
]
}
}
]
}
}倒排索引
其实保存数据的时候，其查询索引就已经创建了，使用的倒排索引
例如：posittion字段，先被拆解，然后创建倒排索引
拆解是根据选择的分词器构成的
| 拆解的单词 | 对应的数据主键 |
|---|---|
| java | 1a |
| kaifa | 1a,Nq_96G0Bs8sg-pU7kn0S |
| web | 1a,Nq_96G0Bs8sg-pU7kn0S |
| ios | 3 |
| android | 4 |
查询所有的索引
GET _cat/indices?v
health status index uuid pri rep docs.count docs.deleted store.size pri.store.size green open .kibana_task_manager_1 Qyl1MousQLq5FyMOCBO4nw 1 0 2 0 30.5kb 30.5kb green open .apm-agent-configuration qPsz40bsQxW_Zcd_4pkJJg 1 0 0 0 283b 283b green open .kibana_1 yYdsQgxWQ0utXN-Ulhm5ew 1 0 9 0 35.4kb 35.4kb yellow open staffs uoo38LYwRB2PzxupYjJ66Q 1 1 4 0 17.9kb 17.9kb
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新闻名称：Elasticsearch中查询的多种方式
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