Oracle的分区表有什么用
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下面对分区表进行简单的实验:
先查询所需要进行分区表的表结构:
sys@FX1TEST>desc fqtbb Name Null? Type -------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------- -------------------------------------------------- ID NUMBER YXTIME DATE HASH VARCHAR2(50) GOODLOOK VARCHAR2(20)
查询表当前的数据:
sys@FX1TEST>select * from fqtbb; ID YXTIME HASH GOODLOOK ---------- ------------------- -------------------- ---------- 1 2011-01-02 00:00:00 java111 no 1 2011-04-02 00:00:00 java121 no 1 2011-05-02 00:00:00 java131 no 1 2012-02-02 00:00:00 java141 no 1 2013-01-02 00:00:00 java1ds no 1 2012-06-04 00:00:00 java1da no 1 2013-12-21 00:00:00 java771 no 1 2013-02-02 00:00:00 java771 no 1 2014-06-25 00:00:00 java661 no 1 2014-01-02 00:00:00 java156 no 1 2015-05-22 00:00:00 java132 no 1 2015-06-07 00:00:00 java134 no 1 2016-04-21 00:00:00 java152 yes 1 2016-11-11 00:00:00 java761 yes 1 2016-01-21 00:00:00 java171 yes 1 2017-04-21 00:00:00 java711 yes 1 2017-05-05 00:00:00 java717 yes 1 2017-01-02 00:00:00 java174 yes 1 2018-03-01 00:00:00 java172 yes 1 2018-01-23 00:00:00 java176 yes 1 2018-12-22 00:00:00 java166 yes 21 rows selected.
下面便是一些常用的分区方法
范围分区:利用分区键定义范围,根据实际取值,进行分区选择,这种范围一般以数字形式存储,例如时间,分数,工资等等,所以不可避免的这种分区方法做不到均匀分区。
这里我们用时间范围进行划分 :
create table fqtbb_part ( id number, yxtime date, hash varchar(50), goodlook varchar(20)) PARTITION BY RANGE (yxtime) ( PARTITION fqtbb_part1 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE('2011-01-01','yyyy-mm-dd')) TABLESPACE test, PARTITION fqtbb_part2 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE('2014-01-02','yyyy-mm-dd')) TABLESPACE test1, PARTITION fqtbb_part3 VALUES LESS THAN (MAXVALUE) TABLESPACE test2 ); Table created.
将大表中的数据插到新建表中:
sys@FX1TEST>insert into fqtbb_part select * from fqtbb; 21 rows created. sys@FX1TEST>commit; Commit complete.
接下来查询单独分区的数据信息
sys@FX1TEST>select * from fqtbb_part partition(fqtbb_part3); ID YXTIME HASH GOODLOOK ---------- ------------------- -------------------- ---------- 1 2014-06-25 00:00:00 java661 no 1 2014-01-02 00:00:00 java156 no 1 2015-05-22 00:00:00 java132 no 1 2015-06-07 00:00:00 java134 no 1 2016-04-21 00:00:00 java152 yes 1 2016-11-11 00:00:00 java761 yes 1 2016-01-21 00:00:00 java171 yes 1 2017-04-21 00:00:00 java711 yes 1 2017-05-05 00:00:00 java717 yes 1 2017-01-02 00:00:00 java174 yes 1 2018-03-01 00:00:00 java172 yes 1 2018-01-23 00:00:00 java176 yes 1 2018-12-22 00:00:00 java166 yes 13 rows selected.
sys@FX1TEST>select * from fqtbb_part partition(fqtbb_part2); ID YXTIME HASH GOODLOOK ---------- ------------------- -------------------- ---------- 1 2011-01-02 00:00:00 java111 no 1 2011-04-02 00:00:00 java121 no 1 2011-05-02 00:00:00 java131 no 1 2012-02-02 00:00:00 java141 no 1 2013-01-02 00:00:00 java1ds no 1 2012-06-04 00:00:00 java1da no 1 2013-12-21 00:00:00 java771 no 1 2013-02-02 00:00:00 java771 no 8 rows selected.
当然如果查询分区表的信息。也有相对应的表供用户查询。例如:
sys@FX1TEST>select TABLE_NAME,PARTITIONING_TYPE,PARTITION_COUNT,STATUS from dba_part_tables where table_name='FQTBB_PART'; TABLE_NAME PARTITIONING_TYPE PARTITION_COUNT STATUS ------------------------------ ------------------ --------------- ---------------- FQTBB_PART RANGE3 VALID
查询表分区所处的表空间:
sys@FX1TEST>select PARTITION_NAME,NUM_ROWS,TABLESPACE_NAME,SEGMENT_CREATED from dba_tab_partitions where table_name='FQTBB_PART'; PARTITION_NAME NUM_ROWS TABLESPACE SEGMENT_ -------------------- ---------- ---------- -------- FQTBB_PART1TEST YES FQTBB_PART2TEST1 YES FQTBB_PART3TEST2 YES
列分区
列分区根据分区键指定的取值列表进行分区,但是这种分区方法适合的比较少,例如部门列表、所属项目组名称等等
这里根据goodlook键进行定义:
create table fqtbb_parta ( id number, yxtime date, hash varchar(50), goodlook varchar(20)) PARTITION BY list(goodlook) ( PARTITION fqtbb_part1 VALUES ('yes') TABLESPACE test, PARTITION fqtbb_part2 VALUES ('no') TABLESPACE test1, PARTITION fqtbb_part3 VALUES (default) TABLESPACE test2 ); Table created.
插入数据
sys@FX1TEST>insert into fqtbb_parta select * from fqtbb; 21 rows created. sys@FX1TEST>commit; Commit complete.
分区表创建完成之后进行查询验证:
sys@FX1TEST>select * from fqtbb_parta partition(fqtbb_part2); ID YXTIME HASH GOODLOOK ---------- ------------------- -------------------- ---------- 1 2011-01-02 00:00:00 java111 no 1 2011-04-02 00:00:00 java121 no 1 2011-05-02 00:00:00 java131 no 1 2012-02-02 00:00:00 java141 no 1 2013-01-02 00:00:00 java1ds no 1 2012-06-04 00:00:00 java1da no 1 2013-12-21 00:00:00 java771 no 1 2013-02-02 00:00:00 java771 no 1 2014-06-25 00:00:00 java661 no 1 2014-01-02 00:00:00 java156 no 1 2015-05-22 00:00:00 java132 no 1 2015-06-07 00:00:00 java134 no 12 rows selected. sys@FX1TEST>select * from fqtbb_parta partition(fqtbb_part1); ID YXTIME HASH GOODLOOK ---------- ------------------- -------------------- ---------- 1 2016-04-21 00:00:00 java152 yes 1 2016-11-11 00:00:00 java761 yes 1 2016-01-21 00:00:00 java171 yes 1 2017-04-21 00:00:00 java711 yes 1 2017-05-05 00:00:00 java717 yes 1 2017-01-02 00:00:00 java174 yes 1 2018-03-01 00:00:00 java172 yes 1 2018-01-23 00:00:00 java176 yes 1 2018-12-22 00:00:00 java166 yes 9 rows selected. sys@FX1TEST>select * from fqtbb_parta partition(fqtbb_part3); no rows selected
下面是oracle 分区表常用的管理操作,如下:
由于我们之前再范围分区时,设置了default值,所以无法增加分区,所以这里先演示删除分区
sys@FX1TEST>alter table fqtbb_part drop partition fqtbb_part3; Table altered. sys@FX1TEST>select PARTITION_NAME,NUM_ROWS,TABLESPACE_NAME,SEGMENT_CREATED from dba_tab_partitions where table_name='FQTBB_PART'; PARTITION_NAME NUM_ROWS TABLESPACE_NAME SEGMENT_ ------------------------------------------------------------ ---------- ------------------------------------------------------------ -------- FQTBB_PART1 0 TEST YES FQTBB_PART2 8 TEST1 YES
添加分区
sys@FX1TEST>alter table fqtbb_part add partition p3 values less than (to_date('2019-09-09','yyyy-mm-dd')); Table altered.
截断分区:截断分区是指清楚数据,保留分区结构,如下
sys@FX1TEST>alter table fqtbb_part truncate partition p3; Table truncated.
合并分区:指将相邻的分区合并成一个分区,例如2019、2018 这两个分区,合并之后,分区将采用2019这个界限,并且合并是要合并到2019这个分区里;如下
sys@FX1TEST>alter table fqtbb_part merge partitions fqtbb_part1,fqtbb_part2 into partition fqtbb_part2; Table altered. sys@FX1TEST>select PARTITION_NAME,NUM_ROWS,TABLESPACE_NAME,SEGMENT_CREATED from dba_tab_partitions where table_name='FQTBB_PART'; PARTITION_NAME NUM_ROWS TABLESPACE_NAME SEGMENT_ ------------------------------------------------------------ ---------- ------------------------------------------------------------ -------- FQTBB_PART2SYSTEM YES P3SYSTEM YES
拆分分区:有合并当然就有拆分,意思就是将一个分区拆成两个分区,而之前的分区将不存在;如下
sys@FX1TEST>alter table fqtbb_part split partition fqtbb_part2 at(to_date('2014-01-01','yyyy-mm-dd')) into (partition p1,partition p2); Table altered. sys@FX1TEST>select PARTITION_NAME,NUM_ROWS,TABLESPACE_NAME,SEGMENT_CREATED from dba_tab_partitions where table_name='FQTBB_PART'; PARTITION_NAME NUM_ROWS TABLESPACE_NAME SEGMENT_ ------------------------------------------------------------ ---------- ------------------------------------------------------------ -------- P1SYSTEM YES P2SYSTEM YES P3SYSTEM YES
重命名分区:顾名思义,就是让分区换一个名字
sys@FX1TEST>alter table fqtbb_part rename partition p1 to p11; Table altered.
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