Nginx正则表达式与Nginxrewrite重写功能的介绍
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一、 Rewrite 跳转实现
服务协议功能模块
url 资源定位路径
- nginx————支持url重写、支持if条件判断，但不支持else
- 跳转————循环最多可以执行10次，超过后nginx将返回500代码错误
- rewrite————使用nginx’全局变量或自己设置的变量，结合正则表达式和标志位实现url重写以及重定向
二、Rewrite 使用场景 - 使用rewrite进行匹配跳转
- 使用if匹配全局变量后跳转
- 使用location匹配再跳转
1.rewrite放在 server{}，if{}，location{}段中
2.对域名或参数字符串：使用if全局变量匹配、使用proxy_pass反向代理
三、nginx正则表达式
常用的正则表达式元字符
四、Rewrite 命令
location分类
正则匹配的常用表达式
五、location优先级
按优先级排列： - = 类型
- ^~ 类型表达式
- 正则表达式（和)类型
- 常规字符串匹配类型，按前缀匹配
- 通用匹配（/），如果没有其他匹配，任何请求都会匹配到
location优先级规则（从高到低排列）
1.匹配某个具体的文件 - location = 完整路径
- location ^~ 完整路径
- location ~* 完整路径
- location ~ 完整路径
- location 完整路径
- location /
2.用目录做匹配访问某个文件 - location = 目录
- location ^~ 目录
- location ~ 目录
- location ~* 目录
- location 目录
location /
六、应用场景测试
公司旧域名 www.domain.com 因业务需求有变更，需要使用新域名 www.newdomain.com 代替，不能废除旧域名，从旧域名跳转到新域名，且保持其参数不变[root@localhost bin]# rpm -Uvh http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/noarch/RPMS/nginx-release-centos-7-0.el7.ngx.noarch.rpm 获取http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/noarch/RPMS/nginx-release-centos-7-0.el7.ngx.noarch.rpm 警告：/var/tmp/rpm-tmp.IHyTHc: 头V4 RSA/SHA1 Signature, 密钥 ID 7bd9bf62: NOKEY 准备中... ################################# [100%] 正在升级/安装... 1:nginx-release-centos-7-0.el7.ngx ################################# [100%] [root@localhost bin]# yum install nginx -y[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /abc [root@localhost ~]# mount.cifs //192.168.56.1 /mnt Password for root@//192.168.254.10/linuxs: [root@localhost ~]# cd /abc/LNMP-C7/LNMP-C7/ [root@localhost LNMP-C7]# ls Discuz_X3.4_SC_UTF8.zip MySQL-boost-5.7.20.tar.gz ncurses-5.6.tar.gz nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz php-5.6.11.tar.bz2 php-7.1.10.tar.bz2 php-7.1.20.tar.bz2 php-7.1.20.tar.gz zend-loader-php5.6-linux-x86_64_update1.tar.gz [root@localhost LNMP-C7]# tar -zxvf nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz -C /opt[root@localhost LNMP-C7]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx [root@localhost LNMP-C7]# cd /opt/nginx-1.12.2/ [root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# ls auto CHANGES.ru configure html man src CHANGES conf contrib LICENSE README [root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# yum install gcc gcc-c++ pcre pcre-devel make zlib-devel -y [root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_stub_status_module [root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# make && make install[root@localhost conf]# vim nginx.conf 37 server_name www.accp.com; 41 access_log logs/www.accp.com/access.log main;[root@localhost conf]# yum install bind -y [root@localhost conf]# vim /etc/named.conf 13 listen-on port 53 { any; }; 21 allow-query { any; }; [root@localhost conf]# vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones 25 zone "accp.com" IN { 26 type master; 27 file "accp.com.zone"; 28 allow-update { none; }; 29 }; [root@localhost conf]# cd /var/named/ [root@localhost named]# ls data named.ca named.localhost slaves dynamic named.empty named.loopback [root@localhost named]# cp -p named.localhost accp.com.zone [root@localhost named]# vim accp.com.zone www IN A 192.168.247.202 [root@localhost named]# systemctl start named [root@localhost named]# systemctl stop firewalld.service [root@localhost named]# setenforce 0 [root@localhost named]# ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/local/sbin/ [root@localhost named]# cd /usr/local/nginx/ [root@localhost nginx]# ls conf html logs sbin [root@localhost nginx]# cd logs/ [root@localhost logs]# mkdir www.accp.com [root@localhost logs]# ls error.log www.accp.com [root@localhost logs]# nginx [root@localhost logs]# netstat -natp | grep 80 tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 6打开win10客户机，配置DNS服务器，并使用域名访问。
[root@localhost logs]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf location / { #域名重定向 ‘ if ($host = 'www.accp.com') { ’ rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://www.kgc.com/$1 permanent; ‘ } root /html; index index.html index.htm; }[root@localhost logs]# vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones zone "kgc.com" IN { type master; file "kgc.com.zone"; allow-update { none; }; }; [root@localhost logs]# cd /var/named/ [root@localhost named]# ls accp.com.zone dynamic named.empty named.loopback data named.ca named.localhost slaves [root@localhost named]# cp -p accp.com.zone kgc.com.zone[root@localhost named]# systemctl restart named [root@localhost named]# killall -1 nginx
[root@localhost html]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf 37 server_name bbs.accp.com; 42 location /post { 43 rewrite (.+) http://www.accp.com/bbs$1 permanent; 44 }[root@localhost html]# cd - /var/named [root@localhost named]# vim accp.com.zone [root@localhost named]# cat accp.com.zone $TTL 1D @ IN SOA @ rname.invalid. ( 0 ; serial 1D ; refresh 1H ; retry 1W ; expire 3H ) ; minimum NS @ A 127.0.0.1 bbs IN A 192.168.247.202[root@localhost named]# killall -3 nginx [root@localhost named]# nginx [root@localhost named]# systemctl restart named
基于客户端IP访问跳转[root@localhost named]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf 42 #设置是否合法的IP标志 43 set $rewrite true; 44 #判断是否为合法IP,是否是允许的IP 45 if ($remote_addr = "192.168.247.139"){ 46 set $rewrite false; 47 } 48 #不被允许的IP进行判断，打上标记 49 if ($rewrite = true){ 50 rewrite (.+) /maintenance.html; 51 } 52 #匹配标记进行跳转站点 53 location = /maintenance.html { 54 root html; 55 }[root@localhost named]# cd /usr/local/nginx/html/ [root@localhost html]# ls 50x.html index.html [root@localhost html]# vim maintenance.html [root@localhost html]# killall -3 nginx [root@localhost html]# nginx
基于参数匹配的跳转———跳转到首页
[root@localhost named]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf 37 server_name www.accp.com; 42 if ($request_uri ~ ^/100-(100|200)-(\d+).html$){ 43 rewrite (.*) http://www.accp.com permanent; 44 } [root@localhost named]# vim accp.com.zone [root@localhost named]# cat accp.com.zone $TTL 1D @ IN SOA @ rname.invalid. ( 0 ; serial 1D ; refresh 1H ; retry 1W ; expire 3H ) ; minimum NS @ A 127.0.0.1 www IN A 192.168.247.202[root@localhost named]# systemctl restart named [root@localhost named]# killall -3 nginx [root@localhost named]# nginx
基于目录下所有PHP文件跳转[root@localhost named]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf 42 location ~* /upload/.*\.php$ { 43 rewrite (.+) http://www.accp.com permanent; 44 }[root@localhost named]# nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful [root@localhost named]# killall -3 nginx [root@localhost named]# nginx
基于最普通URL请求的跳转——跳转到首页[root@localhost named]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf 42 location ~* ^/abc/123.html { 43 rewrite (.+) http://www.accp.com permanent; 44 }
基于最普通URL请求的跳转——跳转到首页[root@localhost named]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf 42 location ~* ^/abc/123.html { 43 rewrite (.+) http://www.accp.com permanent; 44 }[root@localhost named]# killall -3 nginx [root@localhost named]# nginx
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