MySQL真实环境搭建主从

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前言：当今数据库有oracle mysql  SQL Server ACCESS 等等很多种，今天我们来真实环境搭建mysql主从。先说一下四种数据库的区别：

1.四种数据库的区别：

ACCESS：功能相对不是那么强大，主要是开发单机版软件中经常用到。

SQL Server：是目前应用比较广泛和普遍的一款数据库，是数据库发展的一个里程碑。

MySQL：是一个开源的关系数据库管理系统，有快速、可靠和易于使用的特点；MySQL服务器工作在客户/服务器或嵌入系统中。

Oracle：Oracle的功能比较强大，一般用于超大型管理系统软件的建立，Oracle良好的兼容性、可移植性、可连接性和高生产率使Oracle RDBMS具有良好的开放性。现在的应用范围也已经比较广泛。

下面让我们来搭建主从：

操作系统centos6.5_64

数据库版本mysql5.6.29

主数据库 192.168.226.133 

从数据库192.168.226.134

mysql同步帐户root/root

一．安装mysql准备

1、下载并上传mysql源码包mysql-5.6.29.tar.gz

http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.29.tar.gz

2、检查并卸载系统中低版本的mysql

rpm -qa |grep mysql

yum remove mysql mysql-server mysql-libs

3、安装必要的系统插件

yum install ncurses-deve cmake

或者

rpm -ivhncurses-devel-5.7-3.20090208.el6.x86_64.rpm

rpm -ivhcmake-2.6.4-5.el6.x86_64.rpm

二、添加用户和组:

添加用户和组:

groupadd  mysql

useradd -g mysql mysql -s /usr/sbin/nologin

三、创建目录及授权

mkdir -p /data/mysql/data  

mkdir -p /data/mysql/log/iblog

mkdir -p /data/mysql/log/binlog

mkdir -p /data/mysql/log/relaylog

mkdir -p /data/mysql/run

mkdir -p /data/mysql/tmp

chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql

chmod -R 755 /data/mysql

四、开始编译

1、解压

tar zxfmysql-5.6.29.tar.gz

cd mysql-5.6.29

编译安装mysql：

cmake \

-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/data/mysql \

-DINSTALL_DATADIR=/data/mysql/data  \

-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \

-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \

-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all \

-DWITH_SSL=yes \

-DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 \

-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \

-DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \

-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \

-DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \

-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \

-DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \

-DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \

-DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 \

-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \

-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \

-DWITH_READLINE=on

make

make install

五、修改配置文件my.cnf参数

cp /data/mysql/support-files/my-default.cnf  /data/mysql/my.cnf

修改主数据库配置文件my.cnf

vi  /data/mysql/my.cnf

# For advice on how to change settings please see

# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/server-configuration-defaults.html

# *** DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE. It's a template which will be copied to the

# *** default location during install, and will be replaced if you

# *** upgrade to a newer version of MySQL.

 

[mysqld]

 

# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data

# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.

# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M

 

# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging

# changes to the binary log between backups.

# log_bin

 

# These are commonly set, remove the # and set as required.

# basedir = .....

# datadir = .....

# port = .....

# server_id = .....

# socket = .....

 

# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.

# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.

# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.

# join_buffer_size = 128M

# sort_buffer_size = 2M

# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M

 

sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES

[client]

port = 3306

socket =/data/mysql/run/mysql.sock

 

[mysql]

no-auto-rehash

 

[mysqld]

##enable autocommit

autocommit=1

general_log=off

explicit_defaults_for_timestamp=true

 

# system

basedir=/data/mysql

datadir=/data/mysql/data/

max_allowed_packet=134217728

max_connections=8192

max_user_connections=8000

open_files_limit=65535

pid_file=/data/mysql/run/mysqld.pid

port=3306

server_id=128

skip_name_resolve=ON

socket=/data/mysql/run/mysql.sock

tmpdir=/data/mysql/tmp

 

# binlog

binlog_cache_size=32768

binlog_format=row

expire_logs_days=15

log-bin=/data/mysql/log/binlog/master-bin

log-bin-index=/data/mysql/log/binlog/master-bin.index

log_slave_updates=ON

max_binlog_cache_size=2147483648

max_binlog_size=524288000

sync_binlog=100

 

#relay

 

# LOGGING #

log_error                      = /data/mysql/log/alert.log

log_queries_not_using_indexes  = 1

slow_query_log                = 1

slow_query_log_file            = /data/mysql/log/slow.log

log_slave_updates=ON

log_slow_admin_statements=1

long_query_time=1

 

#slave#

slave_skip_errors=OFF

log_slave_updates=ON

 

# innodb #

innodb_log_group_home_dir=/data/mysql/log/iblog

innodb_data_home_dir=/data/mysql/log/iblog

innodb_adaptive_flushing=1

innodb_additional_mem_pool_size=20M

innodb_buffer_pool_instances=8

innodb_change_buffering=inserts

innodb_data_file_path=ibdata1:32M;ibdata2:16M:autoextend

innodb_flush_method            = O_DIRECT

innodb_log_files_in_group      = 4

innodb_log_file_size          = 100M

innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1

innodb_file_per_table          = 1

innodb_buffer_pool_size        = 128M

innodb_file_format=Barracuda

innodb_file_io_threads=4

innodb_flush_neighbors=0

innodb_io_capacity=200

innodb_lock_wait_timeout=5

innodb_log_buffer_size=64M

innodb_lru_scan_depth=2048

innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct=60

innodb_old_blocks_time=1000

innodb_online_alter_log_max_size=200M

innodb_open_files=200

innodb_print_all_deadlocks=1

innodb_purge_threads=4

innodb_read_ahead_threshold=0

innodb_read_io_threads=8

innodb_rollback_on_timeout=0

innodb_sort_buffer_size=2M

innodb_spin_wait_delay=6

innodb_stats_on_metadata=0

innodb_strict_mode=1

innodb_sync_array_size=256

innodb_sync_spin_loops=30

innodb_thread_concurrency=64

innodb_use_native_aio=0

innodb_write_io_threads=8

innodb_support_xa=1

 

[mysqld_safe]

datadir=/data/mysql/data/

修改从数据库my.cnf配置文件：

vi  /data/mysql/my.cnf

# For advice on how to change settings please see

# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/server-configuration-defaults.html

# *** DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE. It's a template which will be copied to the

# *** default location during install, and will be replaced if you

# *** upgrade to a newer version of MySQL.

 

[mysqld]

 

# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data

# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.

# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M

 

# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging

# changes to the binary log between backups.

# log_bin

 

# These are commonly set, remove the # and set as required.

# basedir = .....

# datadir = .....

# port = .....

# server_id = .....

# socket = .....

 

# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.

# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.

# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.

# join_buffer_size = 128M

# sort_buffer_size = 2M

# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M

 

sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES

[client]

port = 3306

socket =/data/mysql/run/mysql.sock

 

[mysql]

no-auto-rehash

 

[mysqld]

##enable autocommit

autocommit=1

general_log=off

explicit_defaults_for_timestamp=true

 

# system

basedir=/data/mysql

datadir=/data/mysql/data/

max_allowed_packet=134217728

max_connections=8192

max_user_connections=8000

open_files_limit=65535

pid_file=/data/mysql/run/mysqld.pid

port=3306

server_id=240

skip_name_resolve=ON

socket=/data/mysql/run/mysql.sock

tmpdir=/data/mysql/tmp

 

# binlog

binlog_cache_size=32768

binlog_format=row

expire_logs_days=15

log-bin=/data/mysql/log/binlog/slave-bin

log-bin-index=/data/mysql/log/binlog/slave-bin.index

log_slave_updates=ON

max_binlog_cache_size=2147483648

max_binlog_size=524288000

sync_binlog=100

 

#relay

relay-log=/data/mysql/log/relaylog/slave-relay-bin

relay-log-index=/data/mysql/log/relaylog/slave-relay-bin.index

 

# LOGGING #

log_error                      = /data/mysql/log/alert.log

log_queries_not_using_indexes  = 1

slow_query_log                = 1

slow_query_log_file            = /data/mysql/log/slow.log

log_slave_updates=ON

log_slow_admin_statements=1

long_query_time=1

 

#slave#

slave_skip_errors=OFF

log_slave_updates=ON

 

# innodb #

innodb_log_group_home_dir=/data/mysql/log/iblog

innodb_data_home_dir=/data/mysql/log/iblog

innodb_adaptive_flushing=1

innodb_additional_mem_pool_size=20M

innodb_buffer_pool_instances=8

innodb_change_buffering=inserts

innodb_data_file_path=ibdata1:32M;ibdata2:16M:autoextend

innodb_flush_method            = O_DIRECT

innodb_log_files_in_group      = 4

innodb_log_file_size          = 100M

innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1

innodb_file_per_table          = 1

innodb_buffer_pool_size        = 128M

innodb_file_format=Barracuda

innodb_file_io_threads=4

innodb_flush_neighbors=0

innodb_io_capacity=200

innodb_lock_wait_timeout=5

innodb_log_buffer_size=64M

innodb_lru_scan_depth=2048

innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct=60

innodb_old_blocks_time=1000

innodb_online_alter_log_max_size=200M

innodb_open_files=200

innodb_print_all_deadlocks=1

innodb_purge_threads=4

innodb_read_ahead_threshold=0

innodb_read_io_threads=8

innodb_rollback_on_timeout=0

innodb_sort_buffer_size=2M

innodb_spin_wait_delay=6

innodb_stats_on_metadata=0

innodb_strict_mode=1

innodb_sync_array_size=256

innodb_sync_spin_loops=30

innodb_thread_concurrency=64

innodb_use_native_aio=0

innodb_write_io_threads=8

innodb_support_xa=1

 

[mysqld_safe]

datadir=/data/mysql/data/

六、执行MySQL安装脚本

cd /data/mysql/

./scripts/mysql_install_db  --defaults-file=/data/mysql/my.cnf  --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/data

七、修改系统环境变量

vi /etc/profile

PATH=/data/mysql/bin:$PATH:/sbin

八、自启动脚本

cp /data/mysql/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf

cp /data/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql

vi /etc/init.d/mysql

修改mysqld_pid_file_path=/data/mysql/run/mysqld.pid

chkconfig --add mysql

/etc/init.d/mysql start

/etc/init.d/mysql stop

主上做相应的配置从上也做如上相应的配置。

九、配置主从

在主服务器上登陆数据库，并配置数据库

mysql -h227.0.0.1 -uroot -P3306

注意：如果此报错。

原因: 这是由于系统默认会查找/usr/bin下的命令，如果这个命令不在这个目录下，当然会找不到命令，我们需要做的就是映射一个链接到/usr/bin目录下，相当于建立一个链接文件。

首先得知道mysql命令或mysqladmin命令的完整路径，比如mysql的路径是：/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql，我们则可以这样执行命令：

ln  -s  /data/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/bin

即可解决问题。

mysql>set old_passwords=0;

mysql>GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'root' WITH GRANT OPTION;

mysql> SHOW MASTER STATUS;

+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

| File              | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |

+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

|master-bin.000003 |      333|              |                  |                   |

+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

需要用到上面标注红色的两个参数

 

在从服务器上登陆数据库，并配置数据库

mysql -h227.0.0.1 -uroot -P3306

mysql>set old_passwords=0;

mysql>GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'root' WITH GRANT OPTION;

mysql>stop slave;

mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.140.19.189',MASTER_USER='root',MASTER_PASSWORD='root' ,MASTER_LOG_FILE='master-bin.000003',MASTER_LOG_POS=333;

mysql>start slave;

mysql>show slave status \G

 

在打印出来的状态下，查看以下两个参数的值：

Slave_IO_Running: Yes

Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

如果这两个参数的值都是yes，则运行正常，可以在master数据库上添加一个数据库或者添加一张表，检查slave数据库上是否存在。

如果 这两个参数有任何一个不是 Yes，则说明存在问题。可以查看slave上的数据库错误日志文件查看错误原因。

 

十、常见的错误原因

1、server-id一致。

 

2、用户权限不够。需要的权限包括：REPLICATION SLAVE,RELOAD,CREATE USER,SUPER。

 

GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE,RELOAD,CREATE USER,SUPER ON *.* TO {USER}@{IP_ADDR} WITH GRANT OPTION;

 

3、数据库UUID一致，如果mysql安装时是通过批量复制安装的，则有可能数据库的UUID一致，进入数据库的datadir目录，修改auto.cnf。随意修改下uuid中的值，重启mysqld服务即可。

 

4、Master数据库端口被防火墙阻挡。

 希望能帮到大家！谢谢！

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