BashShell有哪些内置命令
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内置命令的类型
Bourne Shell 内置命令：内置命令继承自 Bourne Shell。
Bash 内置命令：特定于 Bash 的内置命令表。
修改 Shell 行为：修改 shell 属性和可选行为的内置命令。
特别的内置命令：由 POSIX 特别分类的内置命令。
如何查看所有 bash 内置命令
有以下的命令：
$ help$ help | less$ help | grep read
样例输出：
GNU bash, version 4.1.5(1)-release (x86_64-pc-linux-gnu)These shell commands are defined internally. Type `help' to see this list.Type `help name' to find out more about the function `name'.Use `info bash' to find out more about the shell in general.Use `man -k' or `info' to find out more about commands not in this list. A star (*) next to a name means that the command is disabled. job_spec [&] history [-c] [-d offset] [n] or hist> (( expression )) if COMMANDS; then COMMANDS; [ elif C> . filename [arguments] jobs [-lnprs] [jobspec ...] or jobs > : kill [-s sigspec | -n signum | -sigs> [ arg... ] let arg [arg ...] [[ expression ]] local [option] name[=value] ... alias [-p] [name[=value] ... ] logout [n] bg [job_spec ...] mapfile [-n count] [-O origin] [-s c> bind [-lpvsPVS] [-m keymap] [-f filen> popd [-n] [+N | -N] break [n] printf [-v var] format [arguments] builtin [shell-builtin [arg ...]] pushd [-n] [+N | -N | dir] caller [expr] pwd [-LP] case WORD in [PATTERN [| PATTERN]...)> read [-ers] [-a array] [-d delim] [-> cd [-L|-P] [dir] readarray [-n count] [-O origin] [-s> command [-pVv] command [arg ...] readonly [-af] [name[=value] ...] or> compgen [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o option] > return [n] complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-pr] [-DE] > select NAME [in WORDS ... ;] do COMM> compopt [-o|+o option] [-DE] [name ..> set [--abefhkmnptuvxBCHP] [-o option> continue [n] shift [n] coproc [NAME] command [redirections] shopt [-pqsu] [-o] [optname ...] declare [-aAfFilrtux] [-p] [name[=val> source filename [arguments] dirs [-clpv] [+N] [-N] suspend [-f] disown [-h] [-ar] [jobspec ...] test [expr] echo [-neE] [arg ...] time [-p] pipeline enable [-a] [-dnps] [-f filename] [na> times eval [arg ...] trap [-lp] [[arg] signal_spec ...] exec [-cl] [-a name] [command [argume> true exit [n] type [-afptP] name [name ...] export [-fn] [name[=value] ...] or ex> typeset [-aAfFilrtux] [-p] name[=val> false ulimit [-SHacdefilmnpqrstuvx] [limit> fc [-e ename] [-lnr] [first] [last] o> umask [-p] [-S] [mode] fg [job_spec] unalias [-a] name [name ...] for NAME [in WORDS ... ] ; do COMMAND> unset [-f] [-v] [name ...] for (( exp1; exp2; exp3 )); do COMMAN> until COMMANDS; do COMMANDS; done function name { COMMANDS ; } or name > variables - Names and meanings of so> getopts optstring name [arg] wait [id] hash [-lr] [-p pathname] [-dt] [name > while COMMANDS; do COMMANDS; done help [-dms] [pattern ...] { COMMANDS ; }另外一种选择是使用下列命令：
compgen -bcompgen -b | more
查看 Bash 的内置命令信息
运行以下得到详细信息：
help commandhelp read
要仅得到所有带简短描述的内置命令的列表，执行如下:
$ help -d
查找内置命令的语法和其他选项
使用下列语法去找出更多的相关内置命令：
help name help cd help fg help for help read help :
样例输出：
:: : Null command. No effect; the command does nothing. Exit Status: Always succeeds
找出一个命令是内部的（内置）还是外部的
使用 type 命令或 command 命令：
type -a command-name-here type -a cd type -a uname type -a : type -a ls
或者：
type -a cd uname : ls uname
样例输出：
cd is a shell builtinuname is /bin/uname: is a shell builtinls is aliased to `ls --color=auto'ls is /bin/lsl is a functionl (){ ls --color=auto}或者：
command -V ls command -V cd command -V foo
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