SpringSecurity结合JWT的方法教程

概述

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众所周知使用 JWT 做权限验证,相比 Session 的优点是,Session 需要占用大量服务器内存,并且在多服务器时就会涉及到共享 Session 问题,在手机等移动端访问时比较麻烦

而 JWT 无需存储在服务器,不占用服务器资源(也就是无状态的),用户在登录后拿到 Token 后,访问需要权限的请求时附上 Token(一般设置在Http请求头),JWT 不存在多服务器共享的问题,也没有手机移动端访问问题,若为了提高安全,可将 Token 与用户的 IP 地址绑定起来

前端流程

用户通过 AJAX 进行登录得到一个 Token

之后访问需要权限请求时附上 Token 进行访问




 
 Title
 
 


 
Please Login

后端流程(Spring Boot + Spring Security + JJWT)

思路:

  • 创建用户、权限实体类与数据传输对象
  • 编写 Dao 层接口,用于获取用户信息
  • 实现 UserDetails(Security 支持的用户实体对象,包含权限信息)
  • 实现 UserDetailsSevice(从数据库中获取用户信息,并包装成UserDetails)
  • 编写 JWTToken 生成工具,用于生成、验证、解析 Token
  • 配置 Security,配置请求处理 与 设置 UserDetails 获取方式为自定义的 UserDetailsSevice
  • 编写 LoginController,接收用户登录名密码并进行验证,若验证成功返回 Token 给用户
  • 编写过滤器,若用户请求头或参数中包含 Token 则解析,并生成 Authentication,绑定到 SecurityContext ,供 Security 使用
  • 用户访问了需要权限的页面,却没附上正确的 Token,在过滤器处理时则没有生成 Authentication,也就不存在访问权限,则无法访问,否之访问成功

编写用户实体类,并插入一条数据

User(用户)实体类

@Data
@Entity
public class User {
 @Id
 @GeneratedValue
 private int id;
 private String name;
 private String password;
 @ManyToMany(cascade = {CascadeType.REFRESH}, fetch = FetchType.EAGER)
 @JoinTable(name = "user_role", joinColumns = {@JoinColumn(name = "uid", referencedColumnName = "id")}, inverseJoinColumns = {@JoinColumn(name = "rid", referencedColumnName = "id")})
 private List roles;
} 

Role(权限)实体类

@Data
@Entity
public class Role {
 @Id
 @GeneratedValue
 private int id;
 private String name;
 @ManyToMany(mappedBy = "roles")
 private List users;
}

插入数据

User 表

idnamepassword
1linyuan123

Role 表

idname
1USER

User_ROLE 表

uidrid
11

Dao 层接口,通过用户名获取数据,返回值为 Java8 的 Optional 对象

public interface UserRepository extends Repository {
 Optional findByName(String name);
}

编写 LoginDTO,用于与前端之间数据传输

@Data
public class LoginDTO implements Serializable {
 @NotBlank(message = "用户名不能为空")
 private String username;
 @NotBlank(message = "密码不能为空")
 private String password;
}

编写 Token 生成工具,利用 JJWT 库创建,一共三个方法:生成 Token(返回String)、解析 Token(返回Authentication认证对象)、验证 Token(返回布尔值)

@Component
public class JWTTokenUtils {
 private final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(JWTTokenUtils.class);
 private static final String AUTHORITIES_KEY = "auth";
 private String secretKey;   //签名密钥
 private long tokenValidityInMilliseconds;  //失效日期
 private long tokenValidityInMillisecondsForRememberMe;  //(记住我)失效日期
 @PostConstruct
 public void init() {
  this.secretKey = "Linyuanmima";
  int secondIn1day = 1000 * 60 * 60 * 24;
  this.tokenValidityInMilliseconds = secondIn1day * 2L;  this.tokenValidityInMillisecondsForRememberMe = secondIn1day * 7L;
 }
 private final static long EXPIRATIONTIME = 432_000_000;
 //创建Token
 public String createToken(Authentication authentication, Boolean rememberMe){
  String authorities = authentication.getAuthorities().stream()  //获取用户的权限字符串,如 USER,ADMIN
    .map(GrantedAuthority::getAuthority)
    .collect(Collectors.joining(","));
  long now = (new Date()).getTime();    //获取当前时间戳
  Date validity;           //存放过期时间
  if (rememberMe){
   validity = new Date(now + this.tokenValidityInMilliseconds);
  }else {
   validity = new Date(now + this.tokenValidityInMillisecondsForRememberMe);
  }
  return Jwts.builder()         //创建Token令牌
    .setSubject(authentication.getName())   //设置面向用户
    .claim(AUTHORITIES_KEY,authorities)    //添加权限属性
    .setExpiration(validity)      //设置失效时间
    .signWith(SignatureAlgorithm.HS512,secretKey) //生成签名
    .compact();
 }
 //获取用户权限
 public Authentication getAuthentication(String token){
  System.out.println("token:"+token);
  Claims claims = Jwts.parser()       //解析Token的payload
    .setSigningKey(secretKey)
    .parseClaimsJws(token)
    .getBody();
  Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> authorities =
    Arrays.stream(claims.get(AUTHORITIES_KEY).toString().split(","))   //获取用户权限字符串
    .map(SimpleGrantedAuthority::new)
    .collect(Collectors.toList());             //将元素转换为GrantedAuthority接口集合
  User principal = new User(claims.getSubject(), "", authorities);
  return new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(principal, "", authorities);
 }
 //验证Token是否正确
 public boolean validateToken(String token){
  try {
   Jwts.parser().setSigningKey(secretKey).parseClaimsJws(token); //通过密钥验证Token
   return true;
  }catch (SignatureException e) {          //签名异常
   log.info("Invalid JWT signature.");
   log.trace("Invalid JWT signature trace: {}", e);
  } catch (MalformedJwtException e) {         //JWT格式错误
   log.info("Invalid JWT token.");
   log.trace("Invalid JWT token trace: {}", e);
  } catch (ExpiredJwtException e) {         //JWT过期
   log.info("Expired JWT token.");
   log.trace("Expired JWT token trace: {}", e);
  } catch (UnsupportedJwtException e) {        //不支持该JWT
   log.info("Unsupported JWT token.");
   log.trace("Unsupported JWT token trace: {}", e);
  } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {        //参数错误异常
   log.info("JWT token compact of handler are invalid.");
   log.trace("JWT token compact of handler are invalid trace: {}", e);
  }
  return false;
 }
}

实现 UserDetails 接口,代表用户实体类,在我们的 User 对象上在进行包装,包含了权限等性质,可以供 Spring Security 使用

public class MyUserDetails implements UserDetails{
 private User user;
 public MyUserDetails(User user) {
  this.user = user;
 }
 @Override
 public Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> getAuthorities() {
  List roles = user.getRoles();
  List authorities = new ArrayList<>();
  StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
  if (roles.size()>=1){
   for (Role role : roles){
    authorities.add(new SimpleGrantedAuthority(role.getName()));
   }
   return authorities;
  }
  return AuthorityUtils.commaSeparatedStringToAuthorityList("");
 }
 @Override
 public String getPassword() {
  return user.getPassword();
 }
 @Override
 public String getUsername() {
  return user.getName();
 }
 @Override
 public boolean isAccountNonExpired() {
  return true;
 }
 @Override
 public boolean isAccountNonLocked() {
  return true;
 }
 @Override
 public boolean isCredentialsNonExpired() {
  return true;
 }
 @Override
 public boolean isEnabled() {
  return true;
 }
}

实现 UserDetailsService 接口,该接口仅有一个方法,用来获取 UserDetails,我们可以从数据库中获取 User 对象,然后将其包装成 UserDetails 并返回

@Service
public class MyUserDetailsService implements UserDetailsService {
 @Autowired
 UserRepository userRepository;
 @Override
 public UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String s) throws UsernameNotFoundException {
  //从数据库中加载用户对象
  Optional user = userRepository.findByName(s);
  //调试用,如果值存在则输出下用户名与密码
  user.ifPresent((value)->System.out.println("用户名:"+value.getName()+" 用户密码:"+value.getPassword()));
  //若值不再则返回null
  return new MyUserDetails(user.orElse(null));
 }
}

编写过滤器,用户如果携带 Token 则获取 Token,并根据 Token 生成 Authentication 认证对象,并存放到 SecurityContext 中,供 Spring Security 进行权限控制

public class JwtAuthenticationTokenFilter extends GenericFilterBean {
 private final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(JwtAuthenticationTokenFilter.class);
 @Autowired
 private JWTTokenUtils tokenProvider;
 @Override
 public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
  System.out.println("JwtAuthenticationTokenFilter");
  try {
   HttpServletRequest httpReq = (HttpServletRequest) servletRequest;
   String jwt = resolveToken(httpReq);
   if (StringUtils.hasText(jwt) && this.tokenProvider.validateToken(jwt)) {   //验证JWT是否正确
    Authentication authentication = this.tokenProvider.getAuthentication(jwt);  //获取用户认证信息
    SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(authentication);   //将用户保存到SecurityContext
   }
   filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest, servletResponse);
  }catch (ExpiredJwtException e){          //JWT失效
   log.info("Security exception for user {} - {}",
     e.getClaims().getSubject(), e.getMessage());
   log.trace("Security exception trace: {}", e);
   ((HttpServletResponse) servletResponse).setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_UNAUTHORIZED);
  }
 }
 private String resolveToken(HttpServletRequest request){
  String bearerToken = request.getHeader(WebSecurityConfig.AUTHORIZATION_HEADER);   //从HTTP头部获取TOKEN
  if (StringUtils.hasText(bearerToken) && bearerToken.startsWith("Bearer ")){
   return bearerToken.substring(7, bearerToken.length());        //返回Token字符串,去除Bearer
  }
  String jwt = request.getParameter(WebSecurityConfig.AUTHORIZATION_TOKEN);    //从请求参数中获取TOKEN
  if (StringUtils.hasText(jwt)) {
   return jwt;
  }
  return null;
 }
}

编写 LoginController,用户通过用户名、密码访问 /auth/login,通过 LoginDTO 对象接收,创建一个 Authentication 对象,代码中为 UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken,判断对象是否存在,通过 AuthenticationManager 的 authenticate 方法对认证对象进行验证,AuthenticationManager 的实现类 ProviderManager 会通过 AuthentionProvider(认证处理) 进行验证,默认 ProviderManager 调用 DaoAuthenticationProvider 进行认证处理,DaoAuthenticationProvider 中会通过 UserDetailsService(认证信息来源) 获取 UserDetails ,若认证成功则返回一个包含权限的 Authention,然后通过 SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication() 设置到 SecurityContext 中,根据 Authentication 生成 Token,并返回给用户

@RestController
public class LoginController {
 @Autowired
 private UserRepository userRepository;
 @Autowired
 private AuthenticationManager authenticationManager;
 @Autowired
 private JWTTokenUtils jwtTokenUtils;
 @RequestMapping(value = "/auth/login",method = RequestMethod.POST)
 public String login(@Valid LoginDTO loginDTO, HttpServletResponse httpResponse) throws Exception{
  //通过用户名和密码创建一个 Authentication 认证对象,实现类为 UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken
  UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken authenticationToken = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(loginDTO.getUsername(),loginDTO.getPassword());
  //如果认证对象不为空
  if (Objects.nonNull(authenticationToken)){
   userRepository.findByName(authenticationToken.getPrincipal().toString())
     .orElseThrow(()->new Exception("用户不存在"));
  }
  try {
   //通过 AuthenticationManager(默认实现为ProviderManager)的authenticate方法验证 Authentication 对象
   Authentication authentication = authenticationManager.authenticate(authenticationToken);
   //将 Authentication 绑定到 SecurityContext
   SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(authentication);
   //生成Token
   String token = jwtTokenUtils.createToken(authentication,false);
   //将Token写入到Http头部
   httpResponse.addHeader(WebSecurityConfig.AUTHORIZATION_HEADER,"Bearer "+token);
   return "Bearer "+token;
  }catch (BadCredentialsException authentication){
   throw new Exception("密码错误");
  }
 }
}

编写 Security 配置类,继承 WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter,重写 configure 方法

@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
@EnableGlobalMethodSecurity(prePostEnabled = true)
public class WebSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
 public static final String AUTHORIZATION_HEADER = "Authorization";
 public static final String AUTHORIZATION_TOKEN = "access_token";
 @Autowired
 private UserDetailsService userDetailsService;
 @Override
 protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {
  auth
    //自定义获取用户信息
    .userDetailsService(userDetailsService)
    //设置密码加密
    .passwordEncoder(passwordEncoder());
 }
 @Override
 protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
  //配置请求访问策略
  http
    //关闭CSRF、CORS
    .cors().disable()
    .csrf().disable()
    //由于使用Token,所以不需要Session
    .sessionManagement().sessionCreationPolicy(SessionCreationPolicy.STATELESS)
    .and()
    //验证Http请求
    .authorizeRequests()
    //允许所有用户访问首页 与 登录
    .antMatchers("/","/auth/login").permitAll()
    //其它任何请求都要经过认证通过
    .anyRequest().authenticated()
    //用户页面需要用户权限
    .antMatchers("/userpage").hasAnyRole("USER")
    .and()
    //设置登出
    .logout().permitAll();
  //添加JWT filter 在
  http
    .addFilterBefore(genericFilterBean(), UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class);
 }
 @Bean
 public PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() {
  return new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
 }
 @Bean
 public GenericFilterBean genericFilterBean() {
  return new JwtAuthenticationTokenFilter();
 }
}

编写用于测试的Controller

@RestController
public class UserController {
 @PostMapping("/login")
 public String login() {
  return "login";
 }
 @GetMapping("/")
 public String index() {
  return "hello";
 }
 @GetMapping("/userpage")
 public String httpApi() {
  System.out.println(SecurityContextHolder.getContext().getAuthentication().getPrincipal());
  return "userpage";
 }
 @GetMapping("/adminpage")
 public String httpSuite() {
  return "userpage";
 }
}

案例源码下载  (本地下载)

总结

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