以太坊闪电网络实现原理是什么
本篇内容主要讲解“以太坊闪电网络实现原理是什么”,感兴趣的朋友不妨来看看。本文介绍的方法操作简单快捷,实用性强。下面就让小编来带大家学习“以太坊闪电网络实现原理是什么”吧!
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以太坊闪电网络实现原理
线上直接转账需要一定的费用,如果存在大量小额交易的情况下,费用会变的难以承受,因而以太坊引入了微交易支付通道来解决这个问题。以太坊提供了一个票据支付方案,主要依赖于智能合约实现的一对多的账单系统。该账单系统大致上的执行流程如下.
1:账单生成,同时提供机制往账单上存入保证金。
2:交易发起人生成交易票据
3:直接将票据发送给接收人
4:接收人兑现票据,从合约转账(尽管某次兑现可能会失败,但是只要票据存在最终还是能够兑现).
这种交易优点在于可以在线下发送任意数量的交易,而只需要两个链上交易(存入保证金,兑现)只要存入保证金,线下通过交换票据进行任意数量的交易,避免了频繁的线上转账,节省了交易费用。
代码结构
. ├── api.go //对外接口 ├── cheque.go //账单 ├── cheque_test.go ├── contract │ ├── chequebook.go //合约go语言接口 │ ├── chequebook.sol //合约源码 │ ├── code.go //合约byte码 │ ├── mortal.sol //合约销毁 │ └── owned.sol //hebe权限 └── gencode.go //合约byte码生成
合约层
合约自身是接收转账的,用户可以在初始化或者后来增加金额,可以通过cash方法兑现票据,转账金额都会保存在send变量上。
pragma solidity ^0.4.18; import "./mortal.sol"; /// @title Chequebook for Ethereum micropayments /// @author Daniel A. Nagycontract chequebook is mortal { // Cumulative paid amount in wei to each beneficiary //已经支付的 可以控制双花,防止多次兑换票据 mapping (address => uint256) public sent; /// @notice Overdraft event event Overdraft(address deadbeat); // Allow sending ether to the chequebook. function() public payable { } /// @notice Cash cheque /// /// @param beneficiary beneficiary address /// @param amount cumulative amount in wei /// @param sig_v signature parameter v /// @param sig_r signature parameter r /// @param sig_s signature parameter s /// The digital signature is calculated on the concatenated triplet of contract address, beneficiary address and cumulative amount function cash(address beneficiary, uint256 amount, uint8 sig_v, bytes32 sig_r, bytes32 sig_s) public { // Check if the cheque is old. // Only cheques that are more recent than the last cashed one are considered. require(amount > sent[beneficiary]); // Check the digital signature of the cheque. bytes32 hash = keccak256(address(this), beneficiary, amount); require(owner == ecrecover(hash, sig_v, sig_r, sig_s)); // Attempt sending the difference between the cumulative amount on the cheque // and the cumulative amount on the last cashed cheque to beneficiary. uint256 diff = amount - sent[beneficiary]; if (diff <= this.balance) { // update the cumulative amount before sending sent[beneficiary] = amount; beneficiary.transfer(diff); } else { // Upon failure, punish owner for writing a bounced cheque. // owner.sendToDebtorsPrison(); Overdraft(owner); // Compensate beneficiary. selfdestruct(beneficiary); } } }
支付层
账单保存了账本的位置,记账人,所有人等信息。
// Chequebook can create and sign cheques from a single contract to multiple beneficiaries. // It is the outgoing payment handler for peer to peer micropayments. type Chequebook struct { path string // path to chequebook file prvKey *ecdsa.PrivateKey // private key to sign cheque with lock sync.Mutex // backend Backend // blockchain API quit chan bool // when closed causes autodeposit to stop owner common.Address // owner address (derived from pubkey) contract *contract.Chequebook // abigen binding session *contract.ChequebookSession // abigen binding with Tx Opts // persisted fields balance *big.Int // not synced with blockchain contractAddr common.Address // contract address sent map[common.Address]*big.Int //tallies for beneficiaries txhash string // tx hash of last deposit tx threshold *big.Int // threshold that triggers autodeposit if not nil buffer *big.Int // buffer to keep on top of balance for fork protection log log.Logger // contextual logger with the contract address embedded }
票据:合约位置,接收人,金额,签名
type Cheque struct { Contract common.Address // address of chequebook, needed to avoid cross-contract submission Beneficiary common.Address Amount *big.Int // cumulative amount of all funds sent Sig []byte // signature Sign(Keccak256(contract, beneficiary, amount), prvKey) }
票据生成
生成一条支付记录,返回一份签名后的票据,收费这凭借这张票据从合约里面取钱.
// Issue creates a cheque signed by the chequebook owner's private key. The // signer commits to a contract (one that they own), a beneficiary and amount. func (self *Chequebook) Issue(beneficiary common.Address, amount *big.Int) (ch *Cheque, err error) { defer self.lock.Unlock() self.lock.Lock() if amount.Sign() <= 0 { return nil, fmt.Errorf("amount must be greater than zero (%v)", amount) } if self.balance.Cmp(amount) < 0 { err = fmt.Errorf("insufficient funds to issue cheque for amount: %v. balance: %v", amount, self.balance) } else { var sig []byte sent, found := self.sent[beneficiary] if !found { sent = new(big.Int) self.sent[beneficiary] = sent } sum := new(big.Int).Set(sent) sum.Add(sum, amount) sig, err = crypto.Sign(sigHash(self.contractAddr, beneficiary, sum), self.prvKey) if err == nil { ch = &Cheque{ Contract: self.contractAddr, Beneficiary: beneficiary, Amount: sum, Sig: sig, } sent.Set(sum) self.balance.Sub(self.balance, amount) // subtract amount from balance } } // 账单余额少于阈值,自动补充. if self.threshold != nil { if self.balance.Cmp(self.threshold) < 0 { send := new(big.Int).Sub(self.buffer, self.balance) self.deposit(send) } } return }
存储金额
func (self *Chequebook) Deposit(amount *big.Int) (string, error) { defer self.lock.Unlock() self.lock.Lock() return self.deposit(amount) } func (self *Chequebook) deposit(amount *big.Int) (string, error) { // since the amount is variable here, we do not use sessions depositTransactor := bind.NewKeyedTransactor(self.prvKey) depositTransactor.Value = amount chbookRaw := &contract.ChequebookRaw{Contract: self.contract} //转入金额 tx, err := chbookRaw.Transfer(depositTransactor) if err != nil { self.log.Warn("Failed to fund chequebook", "amount", amount, "balance", self.balance, "target", self.buffer, "err", err) return "", err } // assume that transaction is actually successful, we add the amount to balance right away self.balance.Add(self.balance, amount) self.log.Trace("Deposited funds to chequebook", "amount", amount, "balance", self.balance, "target", self.buffer) return tx.Hash().Hex(), nil }
兑换票据
// Cash is a convenience method to cash any cheque. func (self *Chequebook) Cash(ch *Cheque) (txhash string, err error) { return ch.Cash(self.session) } // Cash cashes the cheque by sending an Ethereum transaction. func (self *Cheque) Cash(session *contract.ChequebookSession) (string, error) { v, r, s := sig2vrs(self.Sig) //调用合约的cash方法 提取代币 tx, err := session.Cash(self.Beneficiary, self.Amount, v, r, s) if err != nil { return "", err } return tx.Hash().Hex(), nil }
其他接口
OutBox:用于在电对点网络中发行票据,提供了保证金存入,票据发行,自动存入保证金等接口。
type Outbox struct { chequeBook *Chequebook beneficiary common.Address } // Issue creates cheque. func (self *Outbox) Issue(amount *big.Int) (swap.Promise, error) { return self.chequeBook.Issue(self.beneficiary, amount) } // AutoDeposit enables auto-deposits on the underlying chequebook. func (self *Outbox) AutoDeposit(interval time.Duration, threshold, buffer *big.Int) { self.chequeBook.AutoDeposit(interval, threshold, buffer) }
InBox:用于在电对点网络中票据兑换,提供了直接兑换,定时兑换,延迟兑换的接口功能。
// Inbox can deposit, verify and cash cheques from a single contract to a single // beneficiary. It is the incoming payment handler for peer to peer micropayments. type Inbox struct { lock sync.Mutex contract common.Address // peer's chequebook contract beneficiary common.Address // local peer's receiving address sender common.Address // local peer's address to send cashing tx from signer *ecdsa.PublicKey // peer's public key txhash string // tx hash of last cashing tx session *contract.ChequebookSession // abi contract backend with tx opts quit chan bool // when closed causes autocash to stop maxUncashed *big.Int // threshold that triggers autocashing cashed *big.Int // cumulative amount cashed cheque *Cheque // last cheque, nil if none yet received log log.Logger // contextual logger with the contract address embedded } // Cash attempts to cash the current cheque. func (self *Inbox) Cash() (txhash string, err error) { if self.cheque != nil { txhash, err = self.cheque.Cash(self.session) self.log.Trace("Cashing in chequebook cheque", "amount", self.cheque.Amount, "beneficiary", self.beneficiary) self.cashed = self.cheque.Amount } return }
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