利用binlog进行数据库的还原
前言:在学习MySQL备份的时候,深深的感受到mysql的备份还原功能没有oracle强大;比如一个很常见的恢复场景:基于时间点的恢复,oracle通过rman工具就能够很快的实现数据库的恢复,但是mysql在进行不完全恢复的时候很大的一部分要依赖于mysqlbinlog这个工具运行binlog语句来实现,本文档介绍通过mysqlbinlog实现各种场景的恢复;
一、测试环境说明:使用mysqlbinlog工具的前提需要一个数据库的完整性备份,所以需要事先对数据库做一个完整的备份,本文档通过mysqlbackup进行数据库的全备(mysqlbackup的使用:http://blog.itpub.net/12679300/viewspace-1329578/);
二、测试步骤说明:
数据库的插入准备工作
2.1 在时间点A进行一个数据库的完整备份;
2.2 在时间点B创建一个数据库BKT,并在BKT下面创建一个表JOHN,并插入5条数据;
2.3 在时间点C往表JOHN继续插入数据到10条;
数据库的恢复工作
2.4 恢复数据库到时间点A,然后检查数据库表的状态;
2.5 恢复数据库到时间点B,检查相应的系统状态;
2.6 恢复数据库到时间点C,并检查恢复的状态;
三、场景模拟测试步骤(备份恢复是一件很重要的事情)
3.1 执行数据库的全备份;
- [root@mysql01 backup]# mysqlbackup --user=root --password --backup-dir=/backup backup-and-apply-log //运行数据库的完整备份
3.2 创建数据库、表并插入数据
点击(此处)折叠或打开
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mysql> SELECT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP;
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+---------------------+
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| CURRENT_TIMESTAMP |
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+---------------------+
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| 2014-11-26 17:51:27 |
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+---------------------+
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1 row in set (0.01 sec)
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mysql> show databases; //尚未创建数据库BKT
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+--------------------+
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| Database |
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+--------------------+
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| information_schema |
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| john |
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| mysql |
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| performance_schema |
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+--------------------+
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4 rows in set (0.03 sec)
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mysql> Ctrl-C --
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Aborted
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[root@mysql02 data]# mysql -uroot -p
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Enter password:
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Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \\g.
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Your MySQL connection id is 2
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Server version: 5.5.36-log Source distribution
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Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
-
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
-
owners.
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Type \'help;\' or \'\\h\' for help. Type \'\\c\' to clear the current input statement.
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mysql> show master status;
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+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
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| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
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+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
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| mysql-bin.000001 | 107 | | | //当前数据库log的pos状态
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+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
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1 row in set (0.00 sec)
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mysql> SELECT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP; //当前的时间戳 当前时间点A
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+---------------------+
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| CURRENT_TIMESTAMP |
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+---------------------+
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| 2014-11-26 17:54:12 |
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+---------------------+
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1 row in set (0.00 sec)
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mysql> create database BKT; //创建数据库BKT
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Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
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mysql> create table john (id varchar(32));
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ERROR 1046 (3D000): No database selected
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mysql> use bkt;
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ERROR 1049 (42000): Unknown database \'bkt\'
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mysql> use BKT;
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Database changed
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mysql> create table john (id varchar(32));
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Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
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mysql> insert into john values(\'1\');
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Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
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mysql> insert into john values(\'2\');
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Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
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mysql> insert into john values(\'3\');
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Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
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mysql> insert into john values(\'4\');
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Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
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mysql> insert into john values(\'5\');
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Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
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mysql> SELECT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP; //插入5条数据后数据库的时间点B,记录该点便于数据库的恢复
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+---------------------+
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| CURRENT_TIMESTAMP |
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+---------------------+
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| 2014-11-26 17:55:53 |
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+---------------------+
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1 row in set (0.00 sec)
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mysql> show master status;
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+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
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| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
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+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
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| mysql-bin.000001 | 1204 | | | //当前binlog的pos位置
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+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
3.3 设置时间点C的测试
点击(此处)折叠或打开
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mysql> insert into john values(\'6\');
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Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)
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mysql> insert into john values(\'7\');
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Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
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mysql> insert into john values(\'8\');
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Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
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mysql> insert into john values(\'9\');
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Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
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mysql> insert into john values(\'10\');
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Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec)
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mysql> show master status;
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+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
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| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
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+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
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| mysql-bin.000001 | 2125 | | |
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+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
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1 row in set (0.00 sec)
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mysql> SELECT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP;
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+---------------------+
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| CURRENT_TIMESTAMP |
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+---------------------+
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| 2014-11-26 17:58:08 |
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+---------------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
3.4 以上的操作完成之后,便可以执行数据库的恢复测试
点击(此处)折叠或打开
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[root@mysql02 data]# mysqlbackup --defaults-file=/backup/server-my.cnf --datadir=/data/mysql --backup-dir=/backup/ copy-back
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MySQL Enterprise Backup version 3.11.0 Linux-3.8.13-16.2.1.el6uek.x86_64-x86_64 [2014/08/26]
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Copyright (c) 2003, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
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mysqlbackup: INFO: Starting with following command line ...
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mysqlbackup --defaults-file=/backup/server-my.cnf --datadir=/data/mysql
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--backup-dir=/backup/ copy-back
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mysqlbackup: INFO:
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IMPORTANT: Please check that mysqlbackup run completes successfully.
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At the end of a successful \'copy-back\' run mysqlbackup
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prints \"mysqlbackup completed OK!\".
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141126 17:59:58 mysqlbackup: INFO: MEB logfile created at /backup/meta/MEB_2014-11-26.17-59-58_copy_back.log
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--------------------------------------------------------------------
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Server Repository Options:
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--------------------------------------------------------------------
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datadir = /data/mysql
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innodb_data_home_dir = /data/mysql
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innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend
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innodb_log_group_home_dir = /data/mysql/
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innodb_log_files_in_group = 2
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innodb_log_file_size = 5242880
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innodb_page_size = Null
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innodb_checksum_algorithm = none
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--------------------------------------------------------------------
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Backup Config Options:
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--------------------------------------------------------------------
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datadir = /backup/datadir
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innodb_data_home_dir = /backup/datadir
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innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend
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innodb_log_group_home_dir = /backup/datadir
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innodb_log_files_in_group = 2
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innodb_log_file_size = 5242880
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innodb_page_size = 16384
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innodb_checksum_algorithm = none
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mysqlbackup: INFO: Creating 14 buffers each of size 16777216.
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141126 17:59:58 mysqlbackup: INFO: Copy-back operation starts with following threads
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1 read-threads 1 write-threads
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mysqlbackup: INFO: Could not find binlog index file. If this is online backup then server may not have started with --log-bin.
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Hence, binlogs will not be copied for this backup. Point-In-Time-Recovery will not be possible.
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141126 17:59:58 mysqlbackup: INFO: Copying /backup/datadir/ibdata1.
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mysqlbackup: Progress in MB: 200 400 600
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141126 18:00:22 mysqlbackup: INFO: Copying the database directory \'john\'
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141126 18:00:23 mysqlbackup: INFO: Copying the database directory \'mysql\'
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141126 18:00:23 mysqlbackup: INFO: Copying the database directory \'performance_schema\'
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141126 18:00:23 mysqlbackup: INFO: Completing the copy of all non-innodb files.
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141126 18:00:23 mysqlbackup: INFO: Copying the log file \'ib_logfile0\'
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141126 18:00:23 mysqlbackup: INFO: Copying the log file \'ib_logfile1\'
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141126 18:00:24 mysqlbackup: INFO: Creating server config files server-my.cnf and server-all.cnf in /data/mysql
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141126 18:00:24 mysqlbackup: INFO: Copy-back operation completed successfully.
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141126 18:00:24 mysqlbackup: INFO: Finished copying backup files to \'/data/mysql\'
- mysqlbackup completed //数据库恢复完成
授权并打开数据库
点击(此处)折叠或打开
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[root@mysql02 data]# chmod -R 777 mysql //需要授权后才能打开
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[root@mysql02 data]# cd mysql
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[root@mysql02 mysql]# ll
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总用量 733220
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-rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 305 11月 26 18:00 backup_variables.txt
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-rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 740294656 11月 26 18:00 ibdata1
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-rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 5242880 11月 26 18:00 ib_logfile0
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-rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 5242880 11月 26 18:00 ib_logfile1
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drwxrwxrwx. 2 root root 4096 11月 26 18:00 john
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drwxrwxrwx. 2 root root 4096 11月 26 18:00 mysql
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drwxrwxrwx. 2 root root 4096 11月 26 18:00 performance_schema
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-rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 8488 11月 26 18:00 server-all.cnf
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-rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 1815 11月 26 18:00 server-my.cnf //没有BKT数据库
- [root@mysql02 mysql]# service mysqld start //启动数据库
3.5 进行数据库的恢复到时间点B
点击(此处)折叠或打开
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[root@mysql02 mysql2]# pwd //备份的时候,需要备份binlog日志,之前的binlog目录为/data/mysql2
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/data/mysql2
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[root@mysql02 mysql2]# mysqlbinlog --start-position=107 --stop-position=1203 mysql-bin.000001| mysql -uroot -p //根据post的位置进行恢复,当前的pos位置为107,恢复到pos位置到1203
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Enter password:
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[root@mysql02 mysql2]# mysql -uroot -p
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Enter password:
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Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \\g.
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Your MySQL connection id is 3
-
Server version: 5.5.36-log Source distribution
-
Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
-
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
-
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
-
owners.
-
Type \'help;\' or \'\\h\' for help. Type \'\\c\' to clear the current input statement.
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mysql> show databases;
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+--------------------+
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| Database |
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+--------------------+
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| information_schema |
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| BKT |
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| john |
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| mysql |
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| performance_schema |
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+--------------------+
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5 rows in set (0.02 sec)
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mysql> use BKT
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Database changed
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mysql> show tables;
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+---------------+
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| Tables_in_BKT |
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+---------------+
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| john |
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+---------------+
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1 row in set (0.00 sec)
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mysql> select * from john;
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+------+
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| id |
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+------+
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| 1 |
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| 2 |
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| 3 |
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| 4 |
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| 5 |
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+------+
- 5 rows in set (0.01 sec) //查看数据库恢复成功
3.6 恢复数据库到时间点C
点击(此处)折叠或打开
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[root@mysql02 mysql2]# mysqlbinlog --start-date=\"2014-11-27 09:21:56\" --stop-date=\"2014-11-27 09:22:33\" mysql-bin.000001| mysql -uroot -p123456 //本次通过基于时间点的恢复,恢复到时间点C
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Warning: Using unique option prefix start-date instead of start-datetime is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. Please use the full name instead.
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Warning: Using unique option prefix stop-date instead of stop-datetime is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. Please use the full name instead.
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[root@mysql02 mysql2]# mysql -uroot -p
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Enter password:
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Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \\g.
-
Your MySQL connection id is 6
-
Server version: 5.5.36-log Source distribution
-
Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
-
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
-
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
-
owners.
-
Type \'help;\' or \'\\h\' for help. Type \'\\c\' to clear the current input statement.
-
mysql> show databases;
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+--------------------+
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| Database |
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+--------------------+
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| information_schema |
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| BKT |
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| john |
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| mysql |
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| performance_schema |
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+--------------------+
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5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
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mysql> use BKT
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Database changed
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mysql> select * from john;
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+------+
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| id |
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+------+
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| 1 |
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| 2 |
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| 3 |
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| 4 |
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| 5 |
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| 6 |
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| 7 |
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| 8 |
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| 9 |
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| 10 |
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+------+
- 10 rows in set (0.00 sec) //经过检查成功恢复到时间点C
四、mysqlbinlog的其他总结:以上是利用binlog文件进行基于时间点和binlog的POS位置恢复的测试,mysqlbinlog的使用还有很多功能,运行mysqlbinlog --help可以查看相应参数;
4.1 查看binlog的内容:[root@mysql02 mysql2]# mysqlbinlog mysql-bin.000001
4.2 mysqlbinlog的其他常用参数:
4.2 mysqlbinlog的其他常用参数:
-h 根据数据库的IP
-P 根据数据库所占用的端口来分
-server-id 根据数据库serverid来还原(在集群中很有用)
-d 根据数据库名称
例如: [root@mysql02 mysql2]# mysqlbinlog-d BKT mysql-bin.000001//还原BKT数据库的信息
参数的组合使用:
参数的组合使用:
点击(此处)折叠或打开
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[root@mysql02 mysql2]# mysqlbinlog --start-date=\"2014-11-27 09:21:56\" --stop-date=\"2014-11-27 09:22:33\" -d BKT -h 127.0.0.1 /var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin.000001 |mysql -u root -p
- #如果有多个binlog文件,用逗号隔开;
4.4 恢复是一件很重要的事情,如果不知道具体要恢复的时间点,请把binlog文件先转换成文本文件,详细查看完相应的内容再进行恢复;
[root@mysql02 mysql2]# mysqlbinlogmysql-bin.000001 > /tmp/00001.sql
总结:备份有时候永远都用不上,但是你永远也不知道什么时候会用上,正所谓养兵千日用兵一时,作为一个合格的DBA有个可用的备份,就可以做到胸有成竹;
名称栏目:利用binlog进行数据库的还原
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