Python爬虫中遍历文档树的方法-创新互联
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遍历文档树
1.直接子节点:.contents .children属性
.content
Tag的.content属性可以将Tag的子节点以列表的方式输出
#!/usr/bin/python3 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- from bs4 import BeautifulSoup html = """The Dormouse's story The Dormouse's story
Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were , Lacie and Tillie; and they lived at the bottom of a well.
...
""" # 创建 Beautiful Soup 对象,指定lxml解析器 soup = BeautifulSoup(html, "lxml") # 输出方式为列表 print(soup.head.contents) print(soup.head.contents[0])
运行结果
[The Dormouse's story ]The Dormouse's story
.children
它返回的不是一个列表,不过我们可以通过遍历获取所有的子节点。
#!/usr/bin/python3 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- from bs4 import BeautifulSoup html = """The Dormouse's story The Dormouse's story
Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were , Lacie and Tillie; and they lived at the bottom of a well.
...
""" # 创建 Beautiful Soup 对象,指定lxml解析器 soup = BeautifulSoup(html, "lxml") # 输出方式为列表生成器对象 print(soup.head.children) # 通过遍历获取所有子节点 for child in soup.head.children: print(child)
运行结果
The Dormouse's story
2.所有子孙节点:.descendants属性
上面讲的.contents和.children属性仅包含Tag的直接子节点,.descendants属性可以对所有Tag的子孙节点进行递归循环,和children类似,我们也需要通过遍历的方式获取其中的内容。
#!/usr/bin/python3 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- from bs4 import BeautifulSoup html = """The Dormouse's story The Dormouse's story
Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were , Lacie and Tillie; and they lived at the bottom of a well.
...
""" # 创建 Beautiful Soup 对象,指定lxml解析器 soup = BeautifulSoup(html, "lxml") # 输出方式为列表生成器对象 print(soup.head.descendants) # 通过遍历获取所有子孙节点 for child in soup.head.descendants: print(child)
运行结果
The Dormouse's story The Dormouse's story
3.节点内容:.string属性
如果Tag只有一个NavigableString类型子节点,那么这个Tag可以使用.string得到子节点。如果一个Tag仅有一个子节点,那么这个Tab也可以使用.string方法,输出结果与当前唯一子节点的.string结果相同。
通俗点来讲就是:如果一个标签里面没有标签了,那么.string就会返回标签里面的内容。如果标签里面只有唯一的一个标签了,那么.string也会返回里面的内容。例如:
#!/usr/bin/python3 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- from bs4 import BeautifulSoup html = """The Dormouse's story The Dormouse's story
Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were , Lacie and Tillie; and they lived at the bottom of a well.
...
""" # 创建 Beautiful Soup 对象,指定lxml解析器 soup = BeautifulSoup(html, "lxml") print(soup.head.string) print(soup.head.title.string)
运行结果
The Dormouse's story The Dormouse's story
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